where 3 is the centre of 51 and cl denotes closure in the norm topology. When 5t is a von Neumann algebra this result is already known (see [7; Lemma 9, p. 255], where the method requires only trivial modification to deal with the case of a left ideal), and the proof in that situation involves the restriction of an operator in M to a subspace on which it can be inverted. The proof given here fo...

where lm(I) denotes the ideal generated by the leading monomials of the elements of I. This condition has already been studied in Bayer et al. (1991) and it has been shown that (1.1) holds for any ideal and any term order if and only if π is flat. In this paper we study condition (1.1) under the additional assumption that R′ is not a general Noetherian commutative ring with identity but a field...

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. By a proper ideal of a ring $R$,  we mean an ideal $I$ of $R$ such that $Ineq R$.  We say that a proper ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $I$ is not a prime ideal of $R$ but any proper ideal $A$ of $R$ with $ Isubseteq A$ and $Ineq A$ is a prime ideal. That is, among all the proper ideals of $R$,...

Let R be a non-domain commutative ring with identity and A(R) be theset of non-zero ideals with non-zero annihilators. We call an ideal I of R, anannihilating-ideal if there exists a non-zero ideal J of R such that IJ = (0).The annihilating-ideal graph of R is defined as the graph AG(R) with the vertexset A(R) and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if IJ =(0). In this paper,...

Let S be a locally compact topological foundation semigroup with identity and Ma(S) be its semigroup algebra. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions to have abounded approximate identity in closed codimension one ideals of the semigroup algebra $M_a(S)$ of a locally compact topological foundationsemigroup with identity.

We give a counterexample to a conjecture of S.E. Morris by showing that there is a compact plane set X such that R(X) has no non-zero, bounded point derivations but such that R(X) is not weakly amenable. We also give an example of a separable uniform algebra A such that every maximal ideal of A has a bounded approximate identity but such that A is not weakly amenable.

This paper studies the representation of a positive polynomial f(x) on a noncompact semialgebraic set S = {x ∈ R : g1(x) ≥ 0, · · · , gs(x) ≥ 0} modulo its KKT (Karush-KuhnTucker) ideal. Under the assumption that the minimum value of f(x) on S is attained at some KKT point, we show that f(x) can be represented as sum of squares (SOS) of polynomials modulo the KKT ideal if f(x) > 0 on S; further...