Despite growing interest in trait-based approaches to community assembly, little attention has been given to seasonal variation in trait distribution patterns. Mobile animals can rapidly mediate influences of environmental factors and species interactions through dispersal, suggesting that the relative importance of different assembly mechanisms can vary over short time scales. This study analy...

use of nano-materials has increased in various aspects of human life. however, possible outbreak of nano-materials toxicity in humans and other organisms is one of the future challenges. different chemical precursors which are used in chemical approaches for production of nano-materials may have secondary and sometimes toxic effects in living organisms. these secondary effects may be reduced in...

most minerals, occurring in aqueous environments, play a key role in the survival rate of aquatic living organisms. however, life situation of the living organisms would be under attack when the contents of these elements exceed than the specified limit because of various reasons (amini ranjbar, 1994). bioaccumulation of the elements in living organisms and their excess concentration than stand...

The systematic analysis of the health of aquatic organisms may provide an important indicator for the evaluation of the water quality of natural aquatic environments. Inadequate water quality may provoke a wide range of problems in aquatic organisms, including genetic mutations, infectious diseases, behavioral modifications, physical dysfunction (including reproduction) and deformations or dysp...

Tracking techniques are vital for the understanding of the biology and ecology of organisms. While such techniques have provided important information on the movement and migration of large animals, such as mammals and birds, scientific advances in understanding the individual behaviour and interactions of small (mm-scale) organisms have been hampered by constraints, such as the sizes of existi...