Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts on production five fruit crops from 1961 2018 energy use, CO 2 emissions, farming areas and labor force in China. Design/methodology/approach This analysis applied autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing (ARDL) approach, Granger causality method Johansen co-integration test predict long-term relation between variables. Four machine...

The aim of this research is to look at the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in Liberia from 2001 2019. To investigate association Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unit root test Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Co-integration were used. Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) bounds used decide if variables have a long run linkage. ARDL model findings indicate that there no long-...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of infrastructure for and in ascertaining captivations of foreign direct investment (FDI). This work aims to investigate the effects of host country's infrastructure availability along with exchange rate and market size on inflows of FDI towards Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs autoregressive distributed lag (A...

The paper investigated the effect of investment promotion (IP) on foreign direct investment flow (FDI) into Ghana. Cointegration among the variables was established using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) models in the presence of a mix of I (0) and I (1) variables. The control variables, inflation and trade openness were statistically significant in the short run. Whilst inflation exerted...

This paper uses an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to examine the dynamic impact of non-fossil energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China for a given level of economic growth, trade openness, and energy usage between 1965 and 2014. The results suggest that the variables are in a long-run equilibrium. ARDL estimation indicates that consumption of non-fossil energy ...

This paper aims to investigate coal consumption and environmental sustainability in South Africa by examining the role of financial development globalization using a dataset covering period from 1980 2017. The study utilized Auto-regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) approach addition Bayer Hank combined co-integration, fully modified Ordinary least squares (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary Squares (...