We present Top-kriging, or topological kriging, as a method for estimating streamflow-related variables in ungauged catchments. It takes both the area and the nested nature of catchments into account. The main appeal of the method is that it is a best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) adapted for the case of stream networks without any additional assumptions. The concept is built on the work of ...

drought monitoring is a fundamental component of drought risk management. it is normally performed usingvarious drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables.in many instances, drought indices are used for monitoring purposes. geostatistical methods allow the interpolationof spatially referenced data and the prediction of values fo...

A core challenge in epidemiological analysis of the impact of exposure to air pollution on health is assessment of the individual exposure for subjects at risk. Geographical information systems (GIS)-based pollution mapping, such as kriging, has become one of the main tools for evaluating individual exposure to ambient pollutants. We applied universal Bayesian kriging to estimate the residentia...

Forecasting temperature in time and space is an important precondition for both the design of weather derivatives and the assessment of the hedging effectiveness of index based weather insurance. In this article, we show how this task can be accomplished by means of Kriging techniques. Moreover, we compare Kriging with a dynamic semiparametric factor model (DSFM) that has been recently develope...

This study identifies the natural background, anthropogenic background and distribution of contamination caused by heavy metal pollutants in soil in Chunghua County of central Taiwan by using a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM). The probabilities of contaminated area distribution are mapped using single-variable indicator kriging and multiple-variable indicator kriging (MVIK) with the FM...

     Drought monitoring is a fundamental component of drought risk management. It is normally performed using various drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables. In many instances, drought indices are used for monitoring purposes. Geostatistical methods allow the interpolation of spatially referenced data and the prediction of v...

a Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong b Faculty of Science and Technology, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK c Faculty of Geosciences, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands d School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, BT7...

A new methodology has been developed to design optimal monitoring network to estimate the transient pollution plume resulting from active pollution sources in a contaminated aquifer. An optimization algorithm is linked with geostatistical kriging model as well as a numerical simulation model. Simulated annealing is used as the optimization tool. The physical process in the aquifer, i.e., the fl...