Satellite-derived thermal information over urban areas offers and attractive and inexpensive method which have been utilized in diverse studies including land cover classification, energy flux interactions, and as input for models of urban surface atmosphere exchange. In this study, we utilize Landsat ETM+ imagery to analyze the dependence of energy fluxes on the urban surface properties in Yor...

The world’s arid lands are some of the most beautiful landscapes on Earth, and their paucity of vegetation often makes it possible to see landforms and structures with great clarity (Figure 1.1). In addition, they have many characteristics both in terms of landforms and geomorphological processes that render them different from other major environments (see, for example, Laity, 2008; Parsons an...

Urban vegetation provides ecological services that promote both the ecosystem integrity and human well-being of urban areas, and thus is critical to urban sustainability. As a key indicator of ecological health, net primary productivity (NPP) provides valuable information about the performance of urban ecosystem in response to the changes in urban climate and atmosphere in the 21st century. In ...

We study boundary renormalization group flows of N = 2 minimal models using Landau-Ginzburg description of B-type. A simple algebraic relation of matrices is relevant. We determine the pattern of the flows and identify the operators that generate them. As an application, we show that the charge lattice of B-branes in the level k minimal model is Zk+2. We also reproduce the fact that the charge ...

"In this paper the author introduces a population-projection framework that incorporates interregional migration and intraregional residential mobility streams to project future population sizes both across and within regions in a manner that is consistent with existing migration theory. The author presents a general matrix model of the framework, shows how its parameters can be estimated from...

Abstract CO 2 emissions are known as carbon and they increasing globally, so measures must be taken to reduce their find solutions that mitigate the effects of high rates emissions. currently increasing, construction sector is largest source these emissions, accounting for 39% total emissions; therefore, reduced much possible. The research aim study effect applying vegetated façades, in multist...

security as one of the basic human needs has a special place in relaxation, comfort and spiritual needs provision. for this reason, security is always of managers, planners, architects and urban designers' interest. solutions and strategies of security provision have been fundamentally changed following prevailing change of housing architecture patterns from homes to residential complexes ...