A 50-year-old patient with a history of hypopharyngeal cancer, laryngectomy, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and incompetent tracheoesophageal fistula was admitted for elective pharingostomal surgery. During the surgery, he presented esophageal bleeding hemodynamic instability. After stabilization, gastroscopy performed through stoma, showing arterial 4-5 cm distal to which controlled three hemostat...

A male patient aged 50 years presented to the emergency department with a complaint of dysphagia after ingestion of a whole plum without chewing. His history revealed a diagnosis of schizophrenia 15 years ago. This was the patient’s second presentation to hospital with this complaint. At the first-step hospital, his relatives and the physicians did not believe the patient due to his schizophren...

AIMS The arteria mesenterica media is a very rare variation of the mesenteric blood supply. It is a direct branch from the aorta abdominalis originating between the arteria mesenterica superior and inferior. This is not an aim. METHODS One hundred forty-nine large intestines from cadavers fixed with formaldehyde were dissected. RESULTS A case of the present arteria mesenterica media was dis...

Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch. We present the successful use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of ARSA. A 65-year-old woman was admitted because of dyspnoea and inspiratory stridor. Bronchoscopy revealed a subglottic tracheal stenosis. To exclude an underlying malignancy, endoscopy was performed showing an oesophageal im...

Introduction: The Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is the only member of the Sciuridae family found in the Middle East. Some people maintain them as pets, thus their referrals to veterinary hospitals has been increased recently. Several morphological studies have been carried out mainly on the arch of aorta and its branches in common rodents, small mammals, and domestic a...

The recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN) origins from the vagus trunk and, recurring into the mediastinum, courses then into the larynx. Sometimes this nerve can assume an unusual pathway, coursing directly into the larynx. This anomaly is the so-called non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) and represents a rare entity, with an incidence between 0.3% and 1.6%. It is commonly cause...

Dysphagia is an impairment of swallowing that may involve any structures from the mouth to the stomach. Esophageal dysphagia presents with the sensation of food sticking, pain with swallowing, substernal pressure, or chronic heartburn. There are many causes of esophageal dysphagia, such as motility disorders and mechanical and inflammatory diseases. Infrequently dysphagia arises from extrinsic ...