OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness and long term safety of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (MS), in a follow up to the main Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis (CAMS) study. METHODS In total, 630 patients with stable MS with muscle spasticity from 33 UK centres were randomised to receive oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), cannabis extract, or placebo in the main 15 week CAM...

We undertook this investigation to determine the interrater reliability of manual tests of elbow flexor muscle spasticity graded on a modified Ashworth scale. We each independently graded the elbow flexor muscle spasticity of 30 patients with intracranial lesions. We agreed on 86.7% of our ratings. The Kendall's tau correlation between our grades was .847 (p less than .001). Thus, the relations...

Crop ScienceVolume 63, Issue 1 COVER IMAGEFree Access Cover Image, Volume First published: 20 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20783AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Libr...

Objectives: The main purpose of this research was to study and contribute to an accurate test of spastic limb. The intra, inter rater reliability of the test was examined. Methods: The present study was carried out in two parts In the first part of the study, the modified Ashworth Scale with Intermediate Scores (ASIS) was studied. During the second part of the study the intra, inter rater re...

INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in children. Spasticity is a disabling clinical symptom that is prevalent among patients suffering from cerebral palsy. The treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a well-established option in the interdisciplinary management of spasticity, providing focal reductions in muscle tone in cerebral pal...

Aim of the study is to investigate the effect and the duration of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the muscle spasticity of the hand and the wrist. We studied 15 patients affected by stroke associated to severe spasticity in upper limb. Clinical examination, neurological scales (NIH scale and Ashworth scales) and a video were performed before and immediately after the placebo and rea...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reliability of a new scale, the Triple Spasticity Scale (TSS), for assessing spasticity in stroke, through measurement of affected elbow flexors and ankle plantar flexors of hemiplegic patients with stroke, and to compare the new scale with commonly used scales. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Inpatients at a rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS Seventy-one i...

OBJECTIVE To classify and evaluate outcome measures currently used in robot-assisted exercise trials (RAET) in stroke, and to determine selection criteria for outcome measures in future trials. METHODS Outcome measures used in RAET were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and PsychINFO databases. The scale items were categorized into International Classification of Functioning Dis...