Abstract We examine free riding for entry deterrence in license auctions with heterogeneous incumbents. establish the monotonicity of randomized preemptive bidding equilibria: an incumbent a higher entry-loss rate has greater free-riding incentive, choosing lower deterring probability. then identify conditions existence series fully or partially participating equilibria such that two more incum...

Although modeling instruction has been identified as a productive professional development activity that coaches can use with teachers in their classrooms, are provided little guidance regarding how to support teacher learning they model mathematics instruction. While previous research points the importance of providing examples high-quality through coach’s model, may need additional unfolds ma...

This paper addresses issues relating to the definition and non-expert understanding of metadiscursive acts. We present existing theory on spoken metadiscourse, focusing on one taxonomy that defines metadiscursive concepts in a functional manner, rather than formally. A crowdsourcing annotation task is set up with two main goals: (a) build a corpus of metadiscourse, and (b) assess the understand...

Background: Livestock grazing and ‘overabundance’ of large wild herbivores in forested areas have long been perceived as conflicting with the aims of both silviculture and forest conservation; however, certain kinds of herbivory can help to maintain habitat values in forest ecosystems. Management of grazing/browsing in protected forests can, therefore, be a critical tool for biodiversity conser...

Sanctioned by its constitution, India is home to the world's most comprehensive affirmative action program, where historically discriminated groups are protected with vertical reservations implemented as “set asides,” and other disadvantaged horizontal “minimum guarantees.” A mechanism mandated Supreme Court in 1995 suffers from important anomalies, triggering countless litigations India. Foret...

ABSTRACT #1141405 The 1990 Gulf War Oil Spill was the largest marine oil spill in history, spilling an estimated 6–11 million barrels of crude into Arabian and impacting approximately 800 km shoreline Saudi Arabia between border with Kuwait Abu Ali Island near Jubail. Many intertidal areas were heavily oiled, severely damaging salt marsh ecosystems facilitating growth thick algal mats, which, t...

Changes in land management methods constantly occur, caused by natural, economic, social and demographic conditions. This paper aims to determine changes set-asides fallow Poland, the years 1990-2020, spatial diversity of this phenomenon. The study was based on available statistical data for studied period. shows that, before 2004, share much more significant. After Poland acceded European Unio...