Flower symmetry is of special interest in understanding angiosperm evolution and ecology. Evidence from the Antirrhineae (snapdragon and relatives) indicates that several TCP gene-family transcription factors, especially CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH), play a role in specifying dorsal identity in the corolla and androecium of monosymmetric (bilateral) flowers. Studies of rosid and asterid...

The methanolic extract of milk thistle, Silybium marianum L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), was investigated for its effects on the mortality, growth, feeding indices, enzymatic activity, and levels of non-enzymatic molecules of the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), a pest of cruciferous plants. Feeding indices including approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conv...

Seasonal dynamics of the capitula infested by Dictyotrypeta sp. and Rhynencina spilogaster (Steyskal) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was evaluated throughout the flowering cycle of their host plant the sunflower, Smallanthus maculatus (Cavanilles) Robinson (Asterales: Asteraceae). In central Veracruz, Mexico, along 16 consecutive weeks, a total of 1,017 mature capitula were collected, recording the pre...

Climate change has led to major changes in the phenology (the timing of seasonal activities, such as flowering) of some species but not others. The extent to which flowering-time response to temperature is shared among closely related species might have important consequences for community-wide patterns of species loss under rapid climate change. Henry David Thoreau initiated a dataset of the C...

In this investigation, the species of root-knot nematodes (RKNs) infesting weeds in kiwifruit orchards were investigated Ordu Province, Türkiye. A survey was conducted 2018 and roots with RKN infestations found orchards. The infested weed samples collected from 27 fruit located Province. Identification RKNs performed using molecular method based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA region betwee...

Abstract Background The scale insect, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Diaspididae: Hemiptera), is one of the most serious insects in citrus orchards Egypt. efficiency two different formulation types (emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and nanoemulsions) based on essential oils Artemisia herba-alba (Asso.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) Laurus nobilis (L.) (Laurales: Lauraceae) at concentrations 3 5%, compared...

The anther, pollen and ovule development in Achillea tenuifolia were studied with a bright field microscopy. Results showed that the anther is of tetrasporangiate type and the anther wall is composed by four layers: an epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and a tapetum layer. Tapetum is of secretory type and its cells showed polyploidy. Pollen tetrads were tetrahedral, microspores were v...