Guided by gender schema theory, the researchers explored gender stereotypes of female athletes through a 2x2 experimental design. Participants, 267 undergraduate students from a large southern university, read one of four versions of an online news article (a short news story with a photo) in which female athlete appearance (masculine/feminine) and the type of sport played (masculine/feminine) ...

Athlete endorsement industry continues to expand fast. Reports argued country of origin could be a cue to explain the endorsement gap among athletes from different nations. With the growing marketing potential in athlete brand, it is imperative to take country of origin as a cue to predict endorsement value. The conceptual model from Arai et al (2013; 2014) on athlete brand equity is adopted in...

The aim of this research is to examine the self-efficacy, competitive anxiety and psychological toughness students by taking into account sportsmanship variable. data used in study were obtained from 200 East Azerbaijan Province Islamic Azad University (100 female athletes, 100 non-athletes) who constituted group on basis volunteerism convenience sampling method. In research, which was conducte...

OBJECTIVE Studies indicate greater heavy episodic drinking and related consequences for college student-athletes compared with nonathletes. Surprisingly, little research has examined college athletes' participation in drinking games, a context associated with excessive alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences in college students. METHOD We examined how drinking game parti...

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced blood pressure in observational epidemiologic studies and individual clinical trials. Since PA is considered as a key component for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents, the purpose of this study was to assess blood pressure changes in athletic and non-athletic students before, during and afte...

objectives we aimed to perform the first such study to measure the injury incidence, severity and type as the first step in creating a badminton injury prevention program. patients and methods a prospective, longitudinal survey was conducted between april 2012 and march 2013 with 133 national tournament-level badminton players from junior high school to university in japan with the teams’ physi...

The aim of the study is to determine athlete nutrition knowledge level students educated at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University School Physical Education and Sports. A total 286 students, 156 male, 130 female, between ages 18-25 participated in voluntarily. Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used athletes' levels students. Independent T-test compare groups, One-Way ANOVA test differ...

With the invention of technology devices such as wireless headphones and portable Bluetooth speakers, teenagers have gradually become heavily reliant on music during exercising/practicing. To find underlying reason for this habit, an anonymous survey was sent out to 50 high school boarding students in America 9th December 2022 regarding purpose listening exercising/practicing, their preferences...

In this study, lists of traits typically associated with several groups of students were created using empirically supported methods. Specifically, these traits were grouped into a taxonomy based on the extent to which they were classified as being stereotypical for male student-athletes, female student-athletes, male non-athlete students, female non-athlete students, masculine individuals, fem...