turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer are calculated using different models. one of the most popular and operational models in this groundwork is the second order turbulent model of mellor and yamada that has been widely used to simulate the planetary boundary layer (pbl). despite its popularity, it has been shown that this model has several weeknesses that affect its accuracy. the...

The ocean surface boundary layer mediates air-sea exchange. In the classical paradigm and in current climate models, its turbulence is driven by atmospheric forcing. Observations at a 1-kilometer-wide front within the Kuroshio Current indicate that the rate of energy dissipation within the boundary layer is enhanced by one to two orders of magnitude, suggesting that the front, rather than the a...

The rotating-flow boundary layer is a special case of the more general threedimensional boundary layer in which the pressure gradient imposed by the outer flow (above the boundary layer) is not in the same direction as the outer flow. The rotating-flow boundary layer thus has motion that is transverse to the streamlines of the outer flow, that is, there is a secondary circulation to the primary...

The development of rotor flow associated with mountain lee waves is investigated through a series of highresolution simulations with the nonhydrostatic Coupled Ocean–Atmospheric Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model using free-slip and no-slip lower boundary conditions. Kinematic considerations suggest that boundary layer separation is a prerequisite for rotor formation. The numerical simu...

1 2 Since the middle of the last century, global surface air temperature exhibits an increasing trend, 3 with nocturnal temperatures increasing at a much higher rate. Proposed causative mechanisms 4 include the radiative impact of atmospheric aerosols on the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) 5 where the temperature response is amplified due to shallow depth and its sensitivity to potential 6 desta...