We demonstrate extreme superheating and single bubble nucleation in an electrolyte solution within a nanopore in a thin silicon nitride membrane. The high temperatures are achieved by Joule heating from a highly focused ionic current induced to flow through the pore by modest voltage biases. Conductance, nucleation, and bubble evolution are monitored electronically and optically. Temperatures n...

A combination of classical thermodynamics and molecular theory was used to calculate the enhancement factor (ratio of vapor-phase partial pressure to saturated vapor pressure) for liquid mercury in equilibrium with air at standard atmospheric pressure at temperatures from 0 ◦C to 40 ◦C. The enhancement factors range from 1.0025 at 0 ◦C to 1.0016 at 40 ◦C. This enhancement is too small in magnit...

We present a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the temperature of the ice point as a function of atmospheric pressure. This analysis makes use of accurate international standards for the properties of water and ice, and of available high-accuracy data for the Henry’s constants of atmospheric gases in liquid water. The result is an ice point of 273.150 019(5) K at standard atmospheric pressure,...

Atmospheric oxidation of the naphthalene-OH adduct [C10H8OH]˙ (R1) by molecular oxygen in its triplet electronic ground state has been studied using density functional theory along with the B3LYP, ωB97XD, UM05-2x and UM06-2x exchange-correlation functionals. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, the most favourable process is O2 addition at the C2 position in syn mode, followed by O2 addition at the ...

A three-dimensional, size-resolved and chemically resolved aerosol model is developed. Gas-to-particle conversion is represented by dynamic mass transfer between the gas and aerosol phases. Particle-phase thermodynamics is computed by a new thermodynamic model, Simulating Composition of Atmospheric Particles at Equilibrium 2. The aerosol model is applied to simulate gas and aerosol behavior in ...

Kinetics studies of the OH-initiated oxidation of 2-butyne, propyne, and acetylene were conducted at 100 Torr and 298 K using turbulent flow chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The major oxidation products were identified, and with the aid of supporting electronic structure thermodynamics calculations, a general OH-initiated oxidation mechanism for the alkynes is proposed. The major product ...

Laser ablation is used in a growing number of applications in various areas including medicine, archaeology, chemistry, environmental and materials sciences. In this work the heat transfer and phase change phenomena during nanosecond laser ablation of a copper (Cu) target in a helium (He) background gas at atmospheric pressure are presented. An enthalpy model is outlined, which accounts for hea...

Present knowledge of the function of materials is largely based on studies (experimental and theoretical) that are performed at low temperatures and ultra-low pressures. However, the majority of everyday applications, like e.g. catalysis, operate at atmospheric pressures and temperatures at or higher than 300 K. Here we employ ab initio, atomistic thermodynamics to construct a phase diagram of ...

In the past four decades, the importance of local air circulations for air pollution transport, weather forecasting, and land-use management has been realised. Thermally driven circulations, such as sea-breezes and diurnal orographically induced winds, result from interplay between topographic and thermal forcings. Over simple flat terrain, these wind systems can be forecast with a high degree ...