multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic auto-immune disease. most therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease direct immune modulation and control of inflammatory processes. first-line therapeutic agents showed moderate efficacy and frequent side-effects with moderate efficacy in trials. their parental administration and limited long-term adherence restrict their efficacy compared with se...

APS is an auto immune disease in which auto antibodies are detected against cell membrane phospholipids and is clinically characterised mainly by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, neurologic and dermatologic manifestation and recurrent fetal loss. More recently it is found that these antibodies react with specific plasma proteins associated with phospholipids (e.g. β2 glycoprotein1 β2gp1) rather th...

Inflammasomes are newly recognized, vital players in innate immunity. The best characterized is the NLRP3 inflammasome, so-called because the NLRP3 protein in the complex belongs to the family of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) and is also known as "pyrin domain-containing protein 3". The NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with onset and progression of various ...

AIH is an immune mediated progressive inflammatory liver disease that predominantly affects middle-aged females but may affect people of all ages. The clinical spectrum of AIH is wide, ranging from absent or mild symptoms to fulminant hepatic failure. The aetiology of AIH is still unknown, but is believed to occur as the consequence of an aberrant immune response towards an unknown trigger in a...

Since the discovery that auto-antibodies to thyroglobulin were present in cases of Hashimoto's disease (Doniach and Roitt, 1957), a search for auto-antibodies has been made in various diseases of otherwise obscure origin. Ophthalmology has already provided the first confirmed example of an auto-antibody causing disease in the condition endophthalmitis phako-anaphylactica; a similar explanation ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an auto-immune disease, is confined to the central nervous system and is usually accompanied with debilitating condition in MS patient. The rate of disease in the females is more than males (2:1), and it is diagnosed between 20 to 40 years old. Phototherapy, as a traditional remedy, is used to treat different pathological conditions including MS. Hemp seed oil, as an...

In recent publications (Forbes and Engel, I963; Williams, Engel, and Forbes, I964) we have described the high incidence of diabetes and thyroiditis in a series of cases of gonadal dysgenesis and in their close relatives, and have pointed out that a number of diseases in which an auto-immune mechanism has been suspected have occurred in association with this chromosomal disorder. In these report...

introduction: gluten is a protein found in grains.  research has shown that the gluten that is in grains of wheat, barley, rye, and oats (to a lesser degree) is toxic to many individuals.  while gluten is essential for the make-up of these 4 grains, our bodies do not need it. is it healthful?  the protein in today’s wheat is poorly digested and can be harmful.  an estimated 95% of prepared food...