This article examines the determinants of health expenditures in Tunisia during the period 1961-2008, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran et al. (2001). The results of the bounds test show that there is a stable long-run relationship between per capita health expenditure, GDP, population ageing, medical density and environmental quality. In fact, on the one hand ...

This paper proposes a new parametric model adequacy test for possibly nonlinear time series models such as generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and autoregressive conditional duration (ACD). We consider the correct specification of parametric conditional distributions, not only some particular conditional characteristics. Using the true parametric conditional distri...

We propose autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models driven by Asymmetric Laplace (AL) noise. The AL distribution plays, in the geometric-stable class, the analogous role played by the normal in the alpha-stable class, and has shown promise in the modeling of certain types of financial and engineering data. In the case of an A...

The seasonal autoregressive moving average SARMA models have been widely adopted for modeling many time series encountered in economic, hydrology, meteorological, and environmental studies which exhibited strong seasonal behavior with a period s. If the model is adequate, the autocorrelations in the errors at the seasonal and the nonseasonal lags will be zero. Despite the popularity uses of the...

This paper contributes to the literature by empirically examining whether the influence of public debt on economic growth differs between the short and the long run and presents different patterns across euro-area countries. To this end, we use annual data from both central and peripheral countries of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) for the 1960-2012 period and estimate a growth ...

We generalize the Gaussian Mixture Autoregressive (GMAR) model to Fisher’s z (ZMAR) for modeling nonlinear time series. The consists of a mixture K-component autoregressive models with mixing proportions changing over time. This can capture series both heteroskedasticity and multimodal conditional distribution, using distribution as an innovation in MAR model. ZMAR is classified nonlinearity le...

This study uses data from 1980 to 2020 analyze the explanatory power of renewable energy (RE), green finance (GF), and public health expenditure (PUHE) for environmental quality (ecological footprint: EF) in Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). In order examine long- short-term effects, we ran both linear autoregressive distribution (ARDL) nonlinear (NARDL) models. The empirical results showed that, whe...