Influenza is a contagious viral disease that is seen in avian, human and other mammals, so its control is important. Vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 is one of the ways in controlling program, for this reason several vaccines has been produced. Recently, application of inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines in poultry for controlling low pathogenic avian influenza is increasing. At p...

Avian influenza (AI) H9N2 has been reported from poultry in India. A seroepidemiological study was undertaken among poultry workers to understand the prevalence of antibodies against AI H9N2 in Pune, Maharashtra, India. A total of 338 poultry workers were sampled. Serum samples were tested for presence of antibodies against AI H9N2 virus by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralizati...

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...

This study's main objective was to update avian influenza (AI) epidemiological situation, including molecular characterization reassortment analysis and genotyping of circulating AI virus (AIV) subtypes in Egyptian poultry farms between 2017 2019. As a necessity for such work, improved diagnostic tools were developed AIV detection. Subtype H9N2 infections detected 27 out 39 examined frequently ...

Virus H9N2 has become the most common subtype of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) in poultry and shows ability to infect humans. One important factors triggering virus ​​pandemic is live bird market (LBM). The acts as an internal gene donor other subtypes, such H5N1, H5N2, H7N9, H10N8, This study was conducted detect presence molecular characteristics hemagglutinin fragment at cleavage sit...

During the early stage of the avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemic in China in March 2013, a strain of the virus was identified in a 4-year-old boy with mild influenza symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain, which has similarity to avian subtype H9N2 viruses, may represent a precursor of more-evolved H7N9 subtypes co-circulating among humans.

  Avian Influenza (AI) is a viral respiratory disease of domestic and wild birds. In the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to have methods for rapid detection of avian respiratory viruses. Cloacal swabs collected from chickens experimentally infected with H9 subtype AI virus, used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detection of AI. In infected animals, ...

H9N2 avian influenza virus is a zoonotic agent with a broad host range that can contribute genetic information to H5 or H7N9 subtype viruses, which are significant threats to both humans and birds. Thus, there is a great need for a vaccine to control H9N2 avian influenza. Three mutant viruses of an H9N2 virus A/chicken/Taixing/10/2010 (rTX-NS1-73, rTX-NS1-100, and rTX-NS1-128) were constructed ...

Background and Aims: Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 have continued to circulate in domestic poultry farms in Asia since 1998. The virus circulates in live bird markets, missing link in epidemiology of avian influenza. Regarding previous studies on H9N2 viruses of Iran and having no data on this subject in Iranian live bird markets this study was conducted to analyze genetically hemagglutinin pr...

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) affect a wide range of birds and mammals, cause severe economic damage to the poultry industry, and pose a serious threat to humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) H5N1 were first identified in Southeast Asia in 1996 and spread to four continents over the following years. The viruses have caused high mortality in chickens and various bird species ...