AIMS The pathophysiology underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS)-induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity is unclear. We hypothesize that improvement of myocardial external efficiency (MEE)--the ratio between external work and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2)--underlies functional improvement of AVS patients after aortic valve replacement (AVR). Therefore, the aim of this pr...

designing of a pid controller is a very common method for industrial process control and due to its very simple and efficient function; it is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. pid controller to reduce the steady state error and dynamic response of the system is used. pid controller design is an inevitable problem in setting the coefficients need to try a lot of trial and error,...

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) are distinct peptide hormones involved in multiple organs modulating renal, cardiovascular, and brain functions. They achieve these functions via specific G protein-coupled receptors, respectively. The AVR/NAVR locus encodes two overlapping V2-type vasopressin isoreceptors: angiotensin-vasopressin receptor (AVR) responding to ANG II and AVP...

Literature survey shows that generally studies are made assuming the fact that there is no interaction between LFC and AVR loops. But the Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) and Load Frequency Control (LFC) loops are not in truest sense non-interacting. Practically, during dynamic perturbations some interactions between these two control loops exist. Interaction exists in opposite direction of t...

The Cf-9 gene encodes an extracytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat protein that confers resistance in tomato to races of the fungus Cladosporium fulvum that express the corresponding avirulence gene Avr 9. We investigated whether the genomic Cf-9 gene functions in potato and tobacco. Transgenic tobacco and potato plants carrying Cf-9 exhibit a rapid hypersensitive cell death response (HR) to Avr 9 p...

Pathways and densities of descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) in the outer zone of the inner medulla (IM) were evaluated to better understand medullary countercurrent exchange. Nearly all urea transporter B (UT-B)-positive DVR, those vessels exhibiting a continuous endothelium, descend with little or no branching exclusively through the intercluster region. All DVR have a...

Mechanical stimulation induces opposite behavioral responses in the adult and dauer pharynx. Tail tap of adults inhibits pharyngeal pumping via a pathway involving the innexin gene unc-7 and components of the glutamatergic pathway encoded by the genes avr-14 and avr-15. Tail tap of dauers stimulates pumping through a mechanism involving G alpha o and G alpha q. The nematocidal drug ivermectin i...

Adaptive PID controller based on real base function (RBF) network identification by optimal tuning of proportional– integral–derivative (PID) controller parameter is necessary for thematic factory operation of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. This study presents a combined genetic algorithm (GA) and real base function network (RBF) identification control approach to determine the op...

BACKGROUND Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is a disease of the elderly. However, there is reluctance to offer aortic valve replacement (AVR) for elderly patients with severe AS. We investigated if AVR confers a survival benefit in elderly patients with severe AS. METHODS We screened our echocardiographic database from 1993 to 2003 for patients with severe AS (AV area < or = 0.8 cm2) and age > o...

Patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis have a poor prognosis, and medical therapy has little, if any, effect on their natural history. Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) is risky, yet it appears to be effective in extending life expectancy and reducing symptoms due to aortic stenosis. In this setting, the development of transcatheter AVR appears to be a breakthrough technology, potentia...