a relationship between kala-azar and sleepingsickness, and it is natural that any drug which has given good results in cases of sleepingsickness should be tried in kala-azar. Probably the first occasion on which a trypanicidal drug was tried in kala-azar was about the year 1906 when two cases of kalaazar were treated by myself in the Ezra Hospital, Calcutta with a drug called ' arrhenal.' The r...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis constitutes a major public health problem in many parts of the world including Iran. The primary objective of this study was to identify Leishmania species in endemic districts of Kerman Province, south-eastern Iran. METHODS This study was conducted by random sampling as cross- sectional descriptive between 2008 and 2010. Overall, 203 skin scraping smears we...

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the sand-fly Phlebotomus martini is endemic in certain foci in north-eastern Uganda where it is thought to be confined to Pokot county, Amudat district. Amudat hospital records (April 1998-March 1999) indicated that kala-azar accounted for about 17% of hospital in-patients. However the actual preva...

their spleens by " spleen puncture." Certainly, most of the patients whom we see are sent to us . from the Medical College Hospital Out-patient Dispensary and by local practitioners because they have symptoms which suggest kala-azar. On the other hand, of the patients who are eventually diagnosed kala-azar in the Medical College Hospital, more than half have been admitted not as kala-azar patie...

Since 1990, South Asia has experienced a resurgence of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). To determine risk factors for kala-azar, we performed cross-sectional surveys over a 3-year period in a Bangladeshi community. By history, active case detection, and serologic screening, 155 of 2,356 residents had kala-azar with onset from 2000 to 2003. Risk was highest for persons 3-45 years of age, and ...

Objective: The diagnostic role of rK39 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the buffy-coat Leishmania nested polymerase chain reaction (Ln-PCR) for kala-azar in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: This evaluation study included 100 cases comprising of 60 clinically suspected patients of kala-azar and 40 healthy controls. Anti-rK39 antibody was estimated in plasma ...

are widespread. Some indication of the value of antimony is the fact that without treatment the death rate from kala-azar is over 90 per cent, whereas with treatment in Indian kalaazar it is reduced to below 10 per cent. Although tartar emetic was found of value in the treatment of kala-azar, its considerable toxic effects made it imperative to obtain other derivatives which should be better to...

There are few reports linking hyponatremia and visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). This is a study of 55 consecutive kala-azar patients and 20 normal individuals as a control group. Hyponatremia and serum hypo-osmolality were detected in 100% of kala-azar patients. High first morning urine osmolality (750.0 ± 52.0 vs. 894.5 ± 30.0mOsm/kg H₂O, p < 0.05), and high 24-hour urine osmolality (426.0 ...

visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is one of the most important parasitic diseases which is endemic in different parts of iran. serological studies were conducted by direct agglutination test (dat) on 12144 human serum samples, collected from four geographical zones of iran. sero prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs and symptoms for human visceral leishmaniasis based on dat for the pe...