Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a cutaneous sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), develops in some patients alongside but more commonly after apparent cure from VL. In view of the pivotal role of PKDL patients in the transmission of VL, here we review clinical, epidemiological, parasitological, and immunological perspectives of this disease, focusing on five hypotheses to explain ...

  Kale- azar is known as an endemic doses in some areas of Cars province ( in South) and Ardabil province ( in North- west) of Iran. In other provinces the disease has been reported, mostly, in sporadic from. However since 1949 when the first case of kale- azar was reported in Mazandaran province, to  the end of 1993 more than 4300 cases had been diagnosed in at least 113 cities and districts....

background: immunochromatographic based rk39 antibody detection test became popular for the diagnosis of vis­ceral leishmaiasis (vl) because of high sensitivity, rapidity, easy to interpret, and cost effectiveness. however, false positive result after complete cure of the patients is the major limitation with this test. the aim of the study to access the usefulness of non-invasive samples i.e. ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Three countries, Bangladesh, India and Nepal, set out to eliminate kala-azar by 2015. This study was aimed to document the knowledge and practices in kala-azar case management of public and private health providers in these three countries. METHODS A health care provider survey was conducted in 2007 at 4 study sites, viz., Muzaffarpur and Vaishali districts in India, M...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-azar, is a systemic infection caused by a protozoan (Leishmania) and, in its classic form, is a serious illness associated with malnutrition, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, infectious processes and coagulopathies. The effect of splenectomy in patients with visceral leishmaniasis is not well defined; however, it is known that the spleen is the largest...

Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is classified as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. It is becoming a growing health problem in Ethiopia, with endemic areas that are continually spreading. The annual burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Ethiopia is estimated to be between 4,500 and 5,000 cases, and the population at risk is more than 3.2 million. There has been a c...

Background: Kala-azar [visceral leishmaniasis (VL)] is caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani complex. Without adequate treatment, most patients with clinical VL die due to secondary infections. Pentavalent antimonial compounds are commercially available as sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate. Sodium remains mainstay of treatment in parts world. The aim study was evaluate serio...

The present study evaluates the performances of three noninvasive serological assays for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to leishmania antigen for the diagnosis of imported cases of kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis [VL]) in a country, Kuwait, where the disease is not endemic. A total of 323 individuals including 21 patients with documented cases of VL, 72 individuals with suspecte...

background: visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala azar is an infectious disease caused by various species of leishmania parasites. the aim of this study was to detect and compare the presence of anti-leishmania antibodies in the urine of vis-ceral leishmaniasis patients using elisa and dat methods. methods: a total of 30 urine samples were collected from vl patients referred to shiraz (southeast ...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala azar is a fatal and neglected disease caused by protozoan parasites. It occurs worldwide including north-eastern Uganda. This review gives a historical account of and reviews available literature on VL in Uganda to raise more awareness about the disease. Information was collected from: MEDLINE searches; records of Ministry of Health (Uganda), Amudat hospital ...