Although the World Health Organization defines BAC as a distinct entity, it is now clear that BAC in fact represents a heterogeneous group of diseases with shared pathologic characteristics but distinct molecular aberrations and varying clinical courses and outcomes. Historically, studies have lumped all adenocarcinomas with lepidic growth patterns into the same category, including both pure BA...

Elevated blood alcohol content (BAC) on admission is associated with poorer outcomes, larger burns and more inhalation injury. This study's purpose was to examine the effects of alcohol through a matched case-controlled study, measuring early and extended markers of clinical outcomes. The hypothesis was that patients with an elevated admission BAC would require more resuscitation and have a lon...

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are disinfectants widely used in a variety of clinical and environmental settings to prevent microbial infections, and they are frequently detected in nontarget environments, such as aquatic and engineered biological systems, even at toxic levels. Therefore, microbial degradation of BACs has important ramifications for alleviating disinfectant toxicity in nontarget...

BACKGROUND Although benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced bronchoconstriction occurs in patients with bronchial asthma, BAC-containing nebulizer solutions are still being used in daily practice in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled aqueous solutions containing BAC. METHODS Thirty subjects with bronchial asthma and 10 normal controls inhaled up to three 600 micro...

Mammographically-detected breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are considered to be an incidental finding without clinical importance since they are not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The goal of this article is to review existing evidence that the presence of BAC on mammography correlates with several (but not all) traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and wit...

BACKGROUND Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) toxic to microorganisms. Inhalation is one of the major possible routes of human exposure to BAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed on female Wistar rats. The rats were exposed to aerosol of BAC water solution at the target concentration of 0 (control group) and 35 mg/m(3) for 5 days (6 h/day) and, a...

We report the first example of BAC-Cu complex (BAC = bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene) and its use as a carbene-transfer reagent, allowing access to Au-, Pd-, Ir- and Rh-BAC compounds. Catalytic experiments show the high activity of the [CuCl(BAC)] complex in Click chemistry.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the ophthalmic additives responsible for modulating acute corneal epithelial toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and investigate the ability of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 (HCO-40) and polysorbate 80 (PS-80) to reduce the corneal toxicity and antimicrobial effects of BAC. METHODS Cytotoxicity of the additives, which inclu...

OBJECTIVES The accurate identification of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) from adenocarcinoma (AC) and other types of lung cancer is important from clinical perspectives; especially, when BAC is histologically-mixed with AC. We hypothesized that the elastic fibers (EF) pattern could be used as a differential marker to identify BAC from other lung cancers. The aim was to characterize the EF p...

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) differs greatly among individuals, even when people of the same sex and age drink alcohol under the same drinking conditions. In this study, we investigated the main factors involved in the internal regulation of individual differences in BAC, focusing on the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) genotype, blood acetaldehyde concentration (BAcH), amount of habitual ...