The present study employed dynamic causal modeling to investigate the effective functional connectivity between regions of the neural network involved in top-down letter processing. We used an illusory letter detection paradigm in which participants detected letters while viewing pure noise images. When participants detected letters, the response of the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) in the...

Coagulation is an essential process for the removal of suspended and colloidal material from water and wastewater. However, no comprehensive or universally accepted mathematical description of the process has been developed so far. Therefore, process optimization and control is usually based on data from jar tests and simple flow-proportional dosing concepts, while more accurate concepts based ...

The state-space formalism [Elliott S. J., et al. (2007). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 2759-2771] allows one to discretize cochlear models in a straightforward matrix form and to modify the main physical properties of the cochlear model by changing the position and functional form of a few matrix elements. Feed-forward and feed-backward properties can be obtained by simply introducing off-diagonal t...

‎In this paper a nonlinear backward parabolic problem in one‎ ‎dimensional space is considered‎. ‎Using a suitable iterative‎ ‎algorithm‎, ‎the problem is converted to a linear backward parabolic‎ ‎problem‎. ‎For the corresponding problem‎, ‎the backward finite‎ ‎differences method with suitable grid size is applied‎. ‎It is shown‎ ‎that if the coefficients satisfy some special conditions‎, ‎th...

the purpose of this study was to examine cook’s (2003) ‘multiple competence’ by investigating backward pragmatic transfer (from l2 [english] to l1 [persian]) in refusals to invitations. it explored participants’ frequency and content of refusal strategies in l1 regarding the status (i.e., power and distance) of interlocutors and the proficiency level of efl learners. the participants were persi...

This paper provides a brief update on the development of NIR calibrations for a range of chemical, physical, in vitro and in vivo analyses. The major emphasis in this section of the PGLP from now on will be the implementation of NIR tests at strategic locations within the grain and animal industries. This would allow the test results to be used for pricing grains in accordance with their suitab...

In this paper we describe an abstract hierarchical model of the neocortex and its implementation in a connectionist network. This network has convergent feed-forward projections going from lower to higher levels in the processing hierarchy implementing competitive learning. There are also associative divergent backward projections going from higher to lower levels and associative recurrent proj...

In this paper, some experiments with the GOLOKO neural network for vision are presented. The simulation of the GOLOKO was allowed by a new neural simulator called SiMoNNe which was developed in purpose of this simulation. The SiMoNNe simulator provides many useful features such as an easy and powerful development and debugging of complex neural network structures. The experiments described in t...