BACKGROUND Freezing of gait is a debilitating and common gait disturbance observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the underlying mechanisms of freezing remain unclear, bilateral coordination of steps, measured as a phase coordination index, has been suggested to be related to freezing. Phase coordination index has not, however, been measured during tasks associated with ...

A key element of walking is the coordinated interplay of multiple limbs to achieve a stable locomotor pattern that is adapted to the environment. We investigated intersegmental coordination of walking in the stick insect, Carausius morosus by examining the influence a single stepping leg has on the motoneural activity of the other hemiganglia, and whether this influence changes with the walking...

A key element of walking is the coordinated interplay of multiple limbs to achieve a stable locomotor pattern that is adapted to the environment. We investigated intersegmental coordination of walking in the stick insect, Carausius morosus by examining the influence a single stepping leg has on the motoneural activity of the other hemiganglia, and whether this influence changes with the walking...

34 Understanding how animals control locomotion in different behaviors requires understanding 35 both the kinematics of leg movements and the neural activity underlying these movements. 36 Stick insect leg kinematics differ in forward and backward walking. Describing leg muscle 37 activity in these behaviors is a first step towards understanding the neuronal basis for these 38 differences. 39 4...

Models for visual motion perception exist since some time in neurophysiology as well as computer vision. In this paper, we present a comparison between a behavioral study performed with macaque monkeys and the output of a computational model. The tasks include the discrimination between left and right walking directions and forward vs. backward walking. The goal is to measure generalization per...

The aim of this study was to measure the energy expenditure for locomotor activities usually performed by soccer referees during a match (walking, jogging, and running) under laboratory conditions, and to compare forward with backward movements. The sample was composed by 10 male soccer referees, age 29±7.8 years, body mass 77.5±6.2 kg, stature 1.78±0.07 m and professional experience of 7.33±4....