The Danish microbiologist Hans Christian Gram developed a staining technique (1884) that classifies most bacteria into two large groups that are referred to eponymously, as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (1). His stain is still used in medical microbiology labs today, and because of its explanatory power, this classification is the most commonly used descriptor of a particular bacteri...

Corn steep water as effluent which arrives in environment from starch processing industry has adverse effects on the environment and also large volume of fresh water is wasted. Corn step water is composed of high concentration of proteins, sugar, starch, vitamin and minerals, so it can be used as substrate for production of biological products. Hence, corn steep water concentration is important...

The outer membrane protein composition of bacteria isolated directly and without subculturing from the urine of two patients with urinary tract infections was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the bacteria grew under iron-restricted conditions, as revealed by the expression of several high-molecular-weight outer membrane protei...

Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by changing the permeability via their outer membrane. These have a complex cell envelope that incorporates an membrane separating periplasm from external environment. This contains many protein channels, also known as porins or nanopores, which mainly allow influx of hydrophilic compounds, including antibiotics. One probable way may possibly develo...

Membrane processes are used for drinking water production and medical applications to remove and/or produce viruses using organic membranes. It appears that backwashing is not sufficient all the stopped by membrane. The use of “one-shot” membranes or chlorinated solution filtration can be considered with an additional cost accelerated aging respectively. inactivation bacteria, spores has been d...

Erythrocyte is human blood main bactericidal cell. During movement in blood stream erythrocytes are triboelectrically charged by rubbing to each other and vessel walls and this charge automatically attracts and keeps bacteria on erythrocyte surface. Bacteria fixation on erythrocyte membrane activates the receptors of the membrane and stimulates trans membrane releasing of oxygen from oxyhemoglo...

I would like to gratefully acknowledge the following members of the reading committee for reviewing my thesis: programme Nanoscopy: from sharp imaging toward imaging of molecular interaction. The cover shows images of E. coli bacteria expressing fluorescently labeled CstA trans-membrane protein. Dedicated to my parents and girlfriend It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the ...