Immunostimulants are often use as dietary supplements these can improve the innate defense of animals providing resistance to pathogens during periods high stress, such grading, reproduction, sea transfer and vaccination. The study was conducted determine performance a commonly used immunostimulant, “Betamune” from ACI animal Health Limited on growth Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. experime...

The control of infectious diseases is a major current challenge in intensive aquaculture. Most commercial vaccines are based on live attenuated or inactivated pathogens that are usually combined with adjuvants, oil emulsions being as the most widely used for vaccination in aquaculture. Although effective, the use of these oil emulsions is plagued with important side effects. Thus, the developme...

The stimulating effect of levamisole on immunity to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in mice was marginal, while no enhancement of immunity could be detected in sheep. The conclusion was reached that, as levamisole has no potentiating effect on immunity to C. pseudotuberculosis in normal sheep, it is of no practical value as an immunostimulant in this instance.

Antigen-specific immunotherapy may offer a unique approach to fight cancer. We have demonstrated that specific immunotherapeutic regimens involving recombinant melanoma antigen family A3 (MAGE-A3) and different immunostimulants exert clinical anticancer activity. In particular, the combination of recombinant MAGE-A3 and AS15, a multicomponent immunostimulant, was found to elicit robust antigen-...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A large number of plants have been recognized to be effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Persistent hyperglycaemia is associated with decreased function of immune system and cerebral ischaemia mainly due to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine for various purposes. In t...

Dietary manipulation to maintain fish health and reduce bacterial infection through the use of immunostimulants has been widely used worldwide. A broad range bioactive substances capable optimising animal found in several insect species, including antimicrobial/antiviral peptides, polysaccharides such as chitin, lauric acid, products honey. Recently, we identified a novel polysaccharide from Bo...

This article reviews synthesis of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, an important amino acid biosynthesized by bacteria and higher plants. A number of peptidoglycan fragments containing the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) residue exhibit antitumor and/or immunostimulant activity. DAP is a versatile building block of many natural and synthetic compounds with a number of potential medicinal applications. The syn...