Sorting and quantification of deactivated bacteria is an important way of quality control for whole-cell bacterial vaccines. In general, surface features of deactivated bacteria used for whole-cell bacterial vaccines affect the immunoresponse to bacteria-associated antigens. Enumeration of bacteria is also an important process development parameter for these vaccines. Field-flow fractionation (...

Vaccines have been extremely important in the avoidance of certain diseases, but even then pathogens have continued to evolve and become resistant to vaccines, various types of antibiotics, and other drugs. This is in part due to the environment of the disease and also co-evolution and adaption, but there are issues with the types of vaccines and how they are delivered to the immune system. Som...

Description of the eviDence collection methoD: Active searches were made on the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scielo/LILACS and Cochrane Library databases, using the following descriptive terms (MeSH terms): Vaccines, Vaccination, Immunization, Immunization Schedule*, Immunization Programs, Mass vaccination, Vaccines, Inactivated; Vaccines Attenuated, Vaccines,Synthetic; Antiviral Agents, Antibodies, Viral; ...

The ESX systems from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are responsible for the secretion of highly immunogenic proteins of key importance for bacterial survival and growth. The two prototypic proteins, ESAT-6 (EsxA from ESX-1) and TB10.4 (EsxH from ESX-3) share a lot of characteristics regarding genome organization, size, antigenic properties, and vaccine potential but the two molecules clearly have v...

For more than 30 years, vaccines have played an important part in pneumonia prevention. Recent advances have created opportunities for further improving child survival through prevention of childhood pneumonia by vaccination. Maximizing routine immunization with pertussis and measles vaccines, coupled with provision of a second opportunity for measles immunization, has rapidly reduced childhood...

background and objectives : bacterial meningitis is one of the most serious infections and should be treated as emergency. as it has significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, every country should have precise information regarding the etiological agents of disease and populations at risk to design public health prevention strategy. in the present study in addition of evaluation ...

This article provides an overview of developments in approaches to identify novel bacterial components for use in recombinant subunit vaccines. In particular it describes the processes involved in "reverse vaccinology", and some associated complementary technologies such as proteomics that can be used in the identification of new and potentially useful vaccine antigens. Results obtained from th...