This article’s model based diagnostics system has four modules. Diagnosis and fault location forms physics models of the machine, measures states off the real in-service machine, generates simulated machine states and simulated sensor outputs for the machine model with loads same as the real machine, and compares simulated sensor outputs to real sensor outputs. The parameter tuning module adjus...

There is continuing interest in the trend of costs associated with pollution abatement activities. We specify an environmental production technology to model the joint production of good and bad outputs. The joint production model calculates pollution abatement costs and identifies changes in these costs associated with: (1) technical change, (2) input changes, and (3) changes in bad output pro...

The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive efficiency measures to estimate the performances of OECD and non-OECD countries. A Russell directional distance function that appropriately credits the decision making unit not only for increase in desirable outputs but also for the decrease of undesirable outputs is derived from the proposed weighted Russell directional distance model. ...

This paper draws on Card’s discussions of moral luck to consider the complicated moral life of people—described as pessimists—who accept the heavy knowledge of the predictability of the bad moral luck of oppression. The potential threat to ethics posed by this knowledge can be overcome by the pessimist whose resistance to oppression, even in the absence of hope, expresses a sense of still havin...

Introduction Not all of the output from any production process might be desirable. Thus, the inclusion of only desirable output might not provide a true picture of the technical efficiency of a decision making unit. Many production processes have a negative side effect, namely the production of undesirable byproducts. A typical example in health is the death of a patient in the course of admini...

Information often comes as a mix of good and bad news, prompting the question, "Do you want the good news or the bad news first?" In such cases, news-givers and news-recipients differ in their concerns and considerations, thus creating an obstacle to ideal communication. In three studies, we examined order preferences of news-givers and news-recipients and the consequences of these preferences....