BACKGROUND Bread is a valuable source of proteins, minerals and calories. Baking soda prevents the absorption and digestion of bread and more salt used in production of bread also causes different diseases. This study was conducted to determine the amount of soda and salt in bakeries. METHOD Cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 50 bakeries district during 2009. 400 samples wer...

Bread baking technology has an important effect on starch digestibility measured as its predicted glycemic index tested in vitro. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in predicted glycemic index of pound cake baked in a two-cycle microwave toaster and a conventional oven. The glycemic index was calculated from hydrolysis index values by the Granfeldt method. Non-significant differen...

Bread product quality is highly dependent to the baking process. A model for the development of product quality of bread products has been calibrated by experiments at a fixed baking temperature of 200°C and in combination with 100 W of microwave powers. The parameters in this model were estimated in sequence procedures: heat and mass transfer, then product transformations and finally product q...

The present investigation was conducted to study the true retentions of α-tocopherol, tocotrienols and β-carotene in crown daisy, unripe hot pepper, onion, garlic, and red pepper as affected by various domestic cooking methods, those were, boiling, baking, stir-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving. Fatty acid compositions were determined by GC, and HPLC were used for quantif...

the association between indoor smoke exposure due to traditional baking (baking homemade bread) and anthracosis has rarely been investigated. the aim of the present study is to quantify such association among the iranian population. a hospital based case-control study was carried out on 83 anthracotic cases and 155 controls (83 individuals with non-anthracotic pulmonary disorders from the pulmo...

Pieces of bread were collected from some regions of the world, and various microorganisms belonging to bacteria as well as yeast were found in the bread samples collected by an optical microscopic observation. SDS-PAGE showed that some of the bread contained mainly partially hydrolyzed proteins, suggesting bacterial proteases hydrolyzing protein and lowering of bread allergenicity. Bread baked ...

Physical properties of breads during baking were measured using three different heating modes of microwave plus infrared (MIR), microwave plus jet impingement (MJET) and jet impingement (JET) in two different commercially available microwave combination ovens. Breads baked in JET oven were significantly different from the breads baked in other ovens with respect to their specific volume and moi...

Dropa T., Hajšlová J., Lancová K., Burešová I. (2014): The effect of bread-making process on contents of key trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 570–577. The fate of trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the bread preparation and baking was investigated in order to obtain information about the influence of p...

Antioxidant properties of refined and whole wheat flour and their resultant bread were investigated to document the effects of baking. Total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were employed to determine the content of ethanol extractable phenolic compounds. HPLC was used to detect the presence of...