Locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a nucleic acid analogue containing one or more LNA nucleotide monomers with a bicyclic furanose unit locked in an RNA mimicking sugar conformation. This conformational restriction results in unprecedented hybridization affinity towards complementary single stranded RNA and thus, makes LNA uniquely suited for mimicking RNA structures and sequence specific targeting o...

LNA, which stands for low noise amplifier, as the name suggests, is used for amplifying weak and very low power signals. LNA is an important part of transceiver system. It is the fundamental building block of communication systems. LNA is used in industrial, scientific and medical bands (ISM). Radios, cellular telephones, GPS receiver, and satellite communication, etc. employ LNA. In this paper...

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is the most critical part of a receiver front end, in term of the receiver performance. Many circuits with different configurations have been proposed for LNA, in different applications. After choosing proper circuit for LNA, this circuit must be designed and optimized. Various techniques have been proposed for LNA design and optimizations. In this section an overview ...

We describe the first enzymatic incorporation of an α-L-LNA nucleotide into an oligonucleotide. It was found that the 5'-triphosphate of α-L-LNA is a substrate for the DNA polymerases KOD, 9°N(m), Phusion and HIV RT. Three dispersed α-L-LNA thymine nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA strands by all four polymerases, but they were unable to perform consecutive incorporations of α-L-LNA nucl...

Two UWB LNAs based on a new configuration suitable for low-power and low-voltage applications are presented. The proposed configuration saves bias circuit because of sharing only a bias circuit. In designing LNA-1 good phase linearity property achievement is followed for low-power and low-voltage applications, while in LNA-2 the main concerns are high power gain, by keeping low-power consumptio...

Locked nucleic acids (LNA) are novel high-affinity DNA analogs that can be used as genotype-specific drugs. The LNA oligonucleotides (LNA PO ODNs) are very stable in vitro and in vivo without the need for a phosphorothiolated backbone. In this study we tested the biological fate and the efficacy in tumor growth inhibition of antisense oligonucleotides directed against the gene of the large subu...

A 2.4-GHz single-stage CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) structure with ultra low power consumption is proposed. A current reuse technique is used to decrease power dissipation with increasing amplifier transconductance for the LNA. Thus, the same amplifier transconductance for the LNA will be achieved at decreased power dissipation. Also, due to the use of an inverter-type amplifier which has a s...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated facial artery perforators, but have reported inconsistent results regarding lateral nasal artery (LNA) perforators. Although several authors have described the use of LNA perforators for ala nasi and nasal sidewall reconstruction, the literature contains little information regarding the cadaveric dissection of LNA perforators, and most previously pu...

The effects of comprehensive LNA substitution in PCR primers for amplification of human genomic DNA targets are presented in this report. Previous research with LNA in other applications has shown interesting properties for molecular hybridization including enhanced specificity in allele-specific PCR. Here we systematically modified PCR primers and conditions for the human genomic DNA targets A...

Analogous to genomic sequence alignment, biological network alignment (NA) aims to find regions of similarities between molecular networks (rather than sequences) of different species. NA can be either local (LNA) or global (GNA). LNA aims to identify highly conserved common subnetworks, which are typically small, while GNA aims to identify large common subnetworks, which are typically suboptim...