OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this paper is to present a new method of predicting clinical performance using mechanical loading in a ball mill. METHODS A series of four experiments (two involving a hybrid composite and one each on orthodontic brackets and bands) is described in which the ball mill was used to subject specimens to mechanical fatigue. RESULTS A reproducibility study using com...

RATIONALE Isotope analysis of wood is an important tool in dendrochronology and ecophysiology. Prior to mass spectrometry analysis, wood must be homogenized, and a convenient method involves a ball mill capable of milling samples directly in sample tubes. However, sample-tube plastic can contaminate wood during milling, which could lead to biological misinterpretations. METHODS We tested poss...

Using a ball mill, rapid, atom-economic coupling between adenosine-5'-phosphoromorpholidate and phosphorylated ribose derivatives as their sodium or barium salts was achieved. Facile purification by reversed-phase HPLC enabled product isolation within hours.