Clinical and pathological examination was performed on 378 eyes from 216 patients aged 43 to 97 years. This series represented eyes in which the fundi were normal or showed various manifestations of senile macular degeneration. The eyes were divided into six groups according to the histological appearance of a linear deposit at the base of the retinal pigment cells. Groups I and II were conside...

. Mediastinal cystic formations are well-shaped, often round that contain fluid and lined with epithelium. The main include congenital benign cysts (bronchogenic, duplicating the esophagus, neuroenteric, pericardial thymic cysts), meningocele, mature teratomas lymphangiomas. Many tumors (e.g., thymomas, Hodgkin's disease, germ cell tumors, mediastinal carcinomas, lymph node metastases, nerve ro...

Recent work suggested that the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is increased in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) patients and therefore could be an attractive therapeutic target. Notably, ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors are used in cancer therapy, with severe and noncharacterized ocular side effects. To decipher the role of ...

Stargardt disease, also known as juvenile macular degeneration, occurs in approximately one in 10,000 people and results from genetic defects in the ABCA4 gene. The disease is characterized by premature accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the eye and by vision loss. No cure or treatment is available. Although lipofuscin is considered a hallmark of Stargardt dis...

Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus is a native, commercially important and highly steemed fish species in the Caspian Sea. In this study, effects of Nodularin (NODLN), a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin, on liver and gill tissues of A. persicus were studied. Nodularin was produced in high amounts by Nodularia spumigena, a cyanobacterium species during the algal bloom in the Caspian Sea an...

Introduction: Varicella zoster virus is a highly infectious a-herpesvirus, pathogenic only to humans. The primary infection of varicella causes chickenpox, which contagious and primarily infects children adolescents in India. Following the infection, remains dormant sensory root ganglia. Activation later stages life herpes may vary from subclinical typical zoster, scattered vesicles, sine herpe...

Age-related macular degeneration is a diffuse condition involving the retinal pigment epithelium, the photoreceptor cell layer, and perhaps the choriocapillaris. The early morphologic change is the development of basal deposits of two distinct types. This phase is not ophthalmoscopically detectable but psychophysical testing may demonstrate reduced function. The process becomes detectable with ...