In general, seed germination is improved by low-pressure plasma (LPP) treatment using precursors such as air, nitrogen, argon, or water (H2O). Here, H2O-based LPP the optimized parameters of 10 W and s improves Bambara groundnut seeds 22%. increases wettability roughness hilum while oxidizing surface with carboxyl amine groups. this seeds, combinatory etching chemical modification facilitated i...