In 28 patients with fulminant hepatic failure alkalaemia was present in 49 of a total of 65 observations. Alkalaemia was due primarlily to a low Pa, C02 in 30 instances and to raised plasma bicarbonate in 16 instances. Blood lactate, pyruvate, and acetoacetate were significantly raised, and in individual cases, blood citrate, succinate, and fumarate were elevated. Blood citrate rose progressive...

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly, and type 2 diabetes now accounts for 20 to 50% of cases of new-onset diabetes in young people.1 Electrolyte disturbances are common in patients with diabetes and may be the result of an altered distribution of electrolytes related to hyperglycemiainduced osmotic fluid shifts or of total-body deficits brought about by osmotic diuresis. Complicati...

We compare two commonly used diagnostic approaches, one relying on plasma bicarbonate concentration and "anion gap," the other on "base excess," with a third method based on physicochemical principles, for their value in detecting complex metabolic acid-base disturbances. We analyzed arterial blood samples from 152 patients and nine normal subjects for pH, PCO(2), and concentrations of plasma e...

The acid-base disturbances in canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis are not well described. In addition, the mechanisms causing these perturbations have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to assess acid-base changes in puppies suffering from CPV enteritis, using a modified strong ion model (SIM). The hypothesis of the study was that severe acid-base disturbances would b...

introduction: drug use in pediatric patients is a unique dilemma in the management and monitoring of disease. this study aimed at assessing medication prescribing in a pediatric ward of an  ethiopian hospital. materials and methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study was done by reviewing the medical records of 249 patients among those admitted in the period between 11th of september 2007 an...

Bacillus stearothermophilus 50S ribosomal subunits were reconstituted in vitro using artificial 5S RNA molecules constructed by combining parts of major and minor type (Raué et al. (1976) Europ. J. Biochem. 68, 169-176) B. licheniformis 5S RNA. The artificial 5S RNA molecules carry defined disturbances (A.C juxtapositions and extra G.U pairs) in the base pairing between the 5'- and 3'-terminal ...

Exercise to exhaustion results in severe metabolic, acid-base, and endocrine disturbances to fish. Recovery metabolism from this type of activity may place limits on performance, since the time requirements for restoration of high energy stores (e.g. glycogen, high energy phosphates) will ultimately determine the frequency of maximal performance. This article reviews the types of metabolic, aci...