If I were to believe you are trustworthy just on your say-so, my reasoning would be infected with what is called epistemic circularity. I would be supposing a source is trustworthy by relying on that very source. Generally speaking, we tend to think this is a very bad idea. It is why we don’t bother asking politicians or salesmen whether they are honest. A well-known line of reasoning stemming ...

A: Because she knows how to get Arizona's budget back on track. Again, participants judged either reasonableness or circularity, and did so by either ranking or rating arguments. Two-branch arguments were ranked as less circular than one-branch arguments, indicating structural sensitivity, and repetition created less perceived circularity when the opponent had already acknowledged the repeated ...

The circle is a useful morphological structure: in many situations, the importance is focused on the measuring of the similarity of a perfect circle against the object of interest. Traditionally, the well-known geometrical structures are employed as useful geometrical descriptors, but an adequate characterization and recognition are deeply affected by scenarios and physical limitations (such as...

Abstract The transition from a linear to circular economy is research trend topic, as well the possibility measure degree of circularity products and systems. In economy, raw materials are taken nature transformed into final products, which subsequently used become waste. On contrary, an economic model that restorative by intent design. To fundamental for understanding processes improving them....

Although, most of the abnormal structures of human brain do not alter the shape of outer envelope of brain (surface), some abnormalities can deform the surface extensively. However, this may be a major problem in a surface-based registration technique, since two nearly identical surfaces are required for surface fitting process. A type of verification known as the circularity check for th...

Complex data dependencies can often be expressed concisely by defining a variable in terms of part of its own value. Such a circular reference can be naturally expressed in a lazy functional language or in an attribute grammar. In this paper, we consider circular references in the context of an imperative C-like language, by extending the language with a new construct, persistent variables. We ...

Abstract The spread of the idea circular economy has already appeared among service providers; therefore, a growing interest in tourism can be observed. Due to its seasonal nature and because is primarily operated by for-profit actors, whose aspirations focus on economic benefits, recent years developed direction mass tourism. By overriding approach sustainability, all this strengthens damaging...

The current understanding is that longitudinal muscle contraction begins before and outlasts circular muscle contraction during esophageal peristalsis in normal subjects. The goal of our study was to reassess the relationship between the contractility of two muscle layers using novel ways to look at the muscle contraction. We studied normal subjects using synchronized high-frequency ultrasound ...