Background and Aim: Down syndrome (DS) is a delayed physical and mental development caused by an abnormality in chromosome 21, resulting in the presence of three chromosomes (trisomy 21). Several methods of toothbrushing, such as the Scrub, Bass, Charters, Fone’s, Roll, and Stillman’s methods have been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral hygiene levels after toothbrushing wit...

Muscle power output is thought to limit suction feeding performance, yet muscle power output during suction feeding has never been directly measured. In this study, epaxial activation and strain, hyoid depression, and intra-oral pressure were simultaneously measured during suction feeding in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A mechanical model of muscle force transmission between the...

Many ecologists have called for mechanism-based investigations to identify the underlying controls on species distributions. Understanding these controls can be especially useful to construct robust predictions of how a species range may change in response to climate change or the extent to which a non-native species may spread in novel environments. Here, we link spatially intensive observatio...

Understanding predator-prey interactions is a major challenge in ecological studies. In particular, the accurate identification of prey is a fundamental requirement in elucidating food-web structure. This study took a molecular approach in determining the species identity of consumed prey items of a freshwater carnivorous fish (largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides), according to their size cl...

—To optimize the essential amino acid (EAA) profile for mature striped bass Morone saxatilis, diets with graded levels of three essential amino acids—lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), and total sulfur amino acids (Tsaa) methionine and cysteine—were fed to 4-year-old striped bass females. The relative concentrations of these EAAs were maintained in ratios similar to those determined from the analys...

Hepatic microsomes and cytosols of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis x M. crysops), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochuris) (n=8) were used to study the kinetics of phase I (ECOD, EROD, PROD,...

BACKGROUND Chemical compounds affecting a bioactivity can usually be classified into several groups, each of which shares a characteristic substructure. We call these substructures "basic active structures" or BASs. The extraction of BASs is challenging when the database of compounds contains a variety of skeletons. Data mining technology, associated with the work of chemists, has enabled the s...

Organochlorine pesticide and total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were measured in largemouth bass from the Tombigbee River near a former DDT manufacturing facility at McIntosh, Alabama. Evaluation of mean p,p'- and o,p'-DDT isomer concentrations and o,p'- versus p,p'-isomer proportions in McIntosh bass indicated that DDT is moving off site from the facility and into the Tombigbe...

While there is great interest in the degree to which local interactions "scale-up" to predict regional patterns of abundance, few studies in marine systems have simultaneously examined patterns of abundance at both the large scale (tens of kilometers) typical of larval movement and the small scale (meters) typical of post-settlement interactions. We addressed this gap by monitoring larval suppl...