In this study a rapid at-line ATP (adenosine triphosphate) analysis is applied in papermaking. This ATP analysis takes less than a minute, and the information can be utilized instantly to adapt the biocide program. The study shows the effect of different biocide strategies at paper mills. Comparison is made between oxidative and reductive biocides on the one hand, and on the other hand between ...

The effect of different pretreatment methods, temperature, and enzyme concentration on ethanol production from 8 lignocellulosic agrowaste by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using recombinant cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. Recombinant cellulase was isolated from E. coli BL21 cells transformed with CtLic26A-Cel5-CBM11 full-length gene from Clostridium t...

The focus of this work is to revise for semi-batch and continuous operations, the model equations of a seeded batch cooling crystallisation of α-lactose monohydrate. A case study of evaporative semi-batch operation is also included for reference as models of cooling and heating are not much different. In order to achieve the highest yield, dynamic optimisations must be performed on these models...

The fast component (mode 1) of Ca -dependent exocytosis in pancreatic -cells, unlike that in adrenal chromaffin cells, is regulated by cytosolic ATP in a concentration-dependent manner. This action of ATP is apparent within 3 min and does not require ATP hydrolysis; rather, it requires the production of cAMP by adenylate cyclase. Moreover, the effect of cAMP is ATP dependent, as revealed by the...

Metal alloys have material properties that are very appealing for micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), but present a challenge for process integration within a lithographic manufacturing sequence of the type used in the semiconductor industry. The batch-mode micro electrodischarge machining (μEDM) discussed here uses lithographically-fabricated electrode arrays with high density and high un...

Nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be used to remove nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) from groundwater. However, it has low reduction efficiency owing its oxidation and aggregation characteristics. Thus, nZVI-loaded material is alleviate these drawbacks. In this study, nZVI-coated attapulgite (ATP) was prepared for the removal of NO3-N ATP-nZVI using chemical liquid deposition-coreduction method. The mat...

Hydrolysis of ATP by partition ATPases, although considered a key step in the segregation mechanism that assures stable inheritance of plasmids, is intrinsically very weak. The cognate centromere-binding protein (CBP), together with DNA, stimulates the ATPase to hydrolyse ATP and to undertake the relocation that incites plasmid movement, apparently confirming the need for hydrolysis in partitio...

We study and compare different neural network learning strategies: batch-mode learning, online learning, cyclic learning, and almost-cyclic learning. Incremental learning strategies require less storage capacity than batch-mode learning. However, due to the arbitrariness in the presentation order of the training patterns, incremental learning is a stochastic process; whereas batch-mode learning...