I would like to dedicate this thesis to the mothers I have met, and to my children Johan, Anton and Nike On the cover Vincent, born after 30 weeks of gestation, is shown at 4 days of age, weighing 1400 grams and lying at his mother Sofia's breast. Photograph taken by Vincent's father Anders Östman. Printed by permission of the family. key to "becoming a mother" and to reciprocal breastfeeding. ...

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted by midwife researchers into women's experience of new motherhood. Data were collected using focus groups involving 55 first-time mothers and analysed using grounded theory method. The analysis produced six categories: 'realizing', 'unready', 'drained', 'aloneness', 'loss' and 'working it out'. The core category, 'becoming a mother...

OBJECTIVES As little is known about the possible relationship between the intake of phytoestrogens and female fertility, we investigated the relationship between soy isoflavone intake and the risk of nulliparity and nulligravidity. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 11,688 North American Adventist women aged 30-50 years old with data regarding childbearing. These women were, as a group, chara...

This paper presents a case study of a group in initial primary teacher education students becoming researchers of their peers’ course experiences of school – university links. The connection between university teacher preparation programmes and work in school is a well-researched area with suggestions that there is a marked disconnect between the two. The project took an emergent approach to le...

Matters of parenting transgender children are ascendant on the cultural landscape. Based interviews with Israeli mothers between ages 8–24 I explore how process child's gender affirmation intersects maternal subjectivities, and internalize morally-loaded narratives good mothering in contemporary Israel. illustrate that when undergo affirmation, experience their as challenged transformed. This t...

They may find the infant is having trouble maintaining suction, or chewing on the nipple, or becoming irritable during and after nursing. An infant may tire from the added effort and fall asleep before eating enough. Insufficient weight gain may become a concern. The mother, in turn, may suffer from blocked milk ducts, painful breasts or cracked nipples, and may become frustrated and discontinu...

In Iran 8% of HIV- infected cases are women. Since most of them are young and in childbearing ages, in case of becoming pregnant and not receiving preventive measures, they can infect their child. Without Preventive measures transmission rate is 15 to 45 percent. Several factors such as sever stage of HIV and AIDS ,CD4 low count, high viral loud, acute retroviral phase, STDs, vaginal delivery, ...