Between 1775 and 1834, the Marquis de Lafayette played a role in ongoing development of both American French Revolutions. Most previous scholarship about highlights his military activities as major-general Revolution General National Guard Paris Revolution. This paper examines Lafayette’s draft Declaration Rights Man Citizen, list enslaved peoples that were chosen for experimental plantation Gu...

BACKGROUND To determine whether Islamic fasting would change cerebral blood flow during Ramadan. METHODS The study group comprised 20 subjects (16 males and 4 females) on a regimen of 1 month food and water intake restriction, according to Islamic fasting ritual. Subjects were evaluated for cerebral bolo flow through a middle cerebral artery (MCA) by means of transcranial Doppler (TCD), the d...

This study examines the value analysis in Islamic and conventional banking services in Pakistan. Many scholars have focused on co-creation of values in services but mainly economic values not non-economic. As Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles that are more concerned with non-economic values (well-being, partnership, fairness, trust worthy, and justice) than economic values as money...

How do we expect the Muslim woman, collectively and individually, to identify with Islam as revered teachings and to act within its parameters, and to accommodate new human knowledge, be it that of a local Mufti's (clergy) injunction or a human rights advocate's recommendation, while neither Muslim societies nor human rights advocates recognize her self-identity as an autonomous spiritual and i...

Islam places the highest emphasis on ethical values in all aspects of human life. In Islam, ethics governs all aspects of life. Ethical norms and moral codes discernible from the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith are numerous, far reaching and comprehensive. Islamic business ethics is essential for SME industry. The challenge of Islamic business ethics is to make that inevitable ethical decis...

How is intellectual virtue related to critical thinking? Can one be a thinker without exercising virtue? intellectually virtuous thereby being thinker? should our answers these questions inform the instruction of These were informing 2023 Charles McCracken endowed lectureships given at Michigan State University by Professors Harvey Siegel and Jason Baehr. This brief commentary introduces their ...

venereal diseases are still a common problem in today’s world. even though tremendous advances are being made in medicine and large budgets are being spent to control sexually transmitted diseases (stl), especially in western countries. these diseases are still yet very common, and today aids has been added to the threats posed by std to human life. the status of syphilis was evaluated in iran ...

islamic jurisprudence is the root of the islamic laws including economic law and it is the very pillar of islamic economic system. the law and economics are two branches of human sciences that were not separate before the 18th century. by development of scientific methodology and its prevailing over economics, gradually economics became a distinguished science without being concerned about the ...

The objective of this article is to discuss the Islamic legal mechanism which will provide an opportunity to e-consumers who have suffered losses in online transactions to revoke contracts or collect arsh (compensation). Khiyar al-Tadlis (option of deceit or misrepresentation) is an Islamic legal feature that is not found in any other legal system, as it originates from the Islamic law of contr...