gholamreza khoshfar mahbobeh ilvari date of receive: 2014/12/9date of accept: 2015/5/11abstractthe present study was conducted to identify the relationship between religiosity and marital adjustment. since religion influences family relationships and regarding the fact that in the present conditions the strength of religious values in the family is one of the goals of our islamic society, condu...

Unlike teacher beliefs, there has been a dearth of study regarding EFL learner beliefs. The reason can be that Horwitz (1987) and the existing literature has predominantly been in an ESL context. The present study reports the development and validation of a scale to measure the learner beliefs about language learning in Iranian EFL contexts. Using a combination of verbal creativity method, inte...

Margaret Gilbert explores the phenomenon referred to in everyday ascriptions of beliefs to groups. She refers to this type of phenomenon as “collective belief” and calls the types of groups that are the bearers of such beliefs “plural subjects”. I argue that the attitudes that groups adopt that Gilbert refers to as “collective beliefs” are not a species of belief in an important and central sen...

This paper compares three learning models. The models compared are the Reinforcement Learning Model of Erev and Roth, the EWA model of Camerer and Ho and a Belief Learning model in which beliefs are elicited from subjects using a proper scoring rule (The Stated Belief Model of Nyarko and Schotter). We Þnd that the Stated Belief Model outperforms both of the others in dramatic fashion and is cap...

The development of agent communication languages casts a spotlight on epistemic logic and the enrichment of epistemic languages by additional operators, e.g. deontic operators or operators representing speech acts. In this paper we focus on two limitations of classical epistemic logic. The standard possible worlds semantics allows one to model either the knowledge or the beliefs of an agent, bu...

Belief merging operators combine multiple belief bases (a profile) into a collective one. When the conjunction of belief bases is consistent, all the operators agree on the result. However, if the conjunction of belief bases is inconsistent, the results vary between operators. There is no formal manner to measure the results and decide on which operator to select. So, in this paper we propose t...