b a ckground: the purpose of this study was to examine religious, cultural, and social beliefs of healthy women about breast cancer in rural settings in iran. m ethods: in the present study, 16 in-depth interviews with health care leaders, social and religious experts and 11 focus group discussions were conducted with 79 women in the rural areas near the capital city of tehran, iran. grounded t...

Default rules, unlike inference rules of classical logic, allow us to derive a new conclusion only when it does not conflict with the other available information. The best known example is the so-called commonsense law of inertia: in the absence of information to the contrary, properties of the world can be presumed to be the same as they were in the past. Making the idea of commonsense inertia...

A recent study showed that many people spontaneously report vivid memories of events that they do not believe to have occurred [1]. In the present experiment we tested for the first time whether, after powerful false memories have been created, debriefing might leave behind nonbelieved memories for the fake events. In Session 1 participants imitated simple actions, and in Session 2 they saw doc...

This review proposes a critical reassessment (based entirely on published evidence) of the following seven common beliefs about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): (1) COPD is one disease. (2) There is a valid definition for COPD. (The current definition includes cases of irreversible asthma and bronchiectasis, and occasionally, other obstructive lung conditions). (3) Irreversible ast...

background and purpose: the research workshops (rw) for the medical students have been performed at zahedan university of medical sciences (zums) since about ten years ago. the aim of the rw is teaching the research rules to the medical students to be used in their future researches, especially in their final thesis project. this study is planned to investigate the effect of the research rws on...