When social animals forage together, they may engage in frequency-dependent strategies either as producers, those who acquire food with their own energy, or scroungers, feed on what the producers discover. An individual's choice of strategy depend frequency within group, it traits. Most our understanding producer–scrounger relationships comes from highly species, but we gain different insights ...

Abstract Pangolins have long been hunted for food and their scales, but information on local hunting strategies in African range countries the patterns of pangolin trafficking around sourcing areas is limited. Such knowledge vital to inform monitoring approaches conservation interventions. We administered questionnaires 367 people from 20 villages two national parks Cameroon gain insights into ...

The reproductive success of parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus spp.) varies among host species and is influenced by the degree of synchronization in timing of egg laying, the duration of parasite and host incubation periods, and the ability of hosts to incubate and rear parasite young. We studied the reproductive success of Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) that parasitized the nests of Creamy-...

Many mammals discriminate the scents of their predators (reviewed in Apfelbach et al. 2005) and this trait may be heritable (there is genetic variation in the degree of response to synthetic fox [Vulpes vulpes] odor in rats [Rattus norvegicus], Rosen et al. 2006). The mechanism underlying this identification may be relatively experience-independent, or it may rely on specific experience with pr...

l. Mean specific fro, of five adult female yellow-bellied marmots was significantly lower in postmolt individuals than in premolt animals. 2. Mean body temperature did not differ significantly between premolt and postmolt marmots. 3. Conductance was significantly lower in postmolt than in premolt marmots. 4. &cause body mass was significantly larger and total 00, significantly lower in postmolt...