We investigate the local metrizability of Finsler spaces with $m$-Kropina metric $F = \alpha^{1+m}\beta^{-m}$, where $\beta$ is a closed null 1-form. show that such space Berwald type if and only (pseudo-)Riemannian $\alpha$ 1-form have very specific form in certain coordinates. In particular, when signature Lorentzian, belongs to subclass Kundt class generates corresponding congruence, this ge...

Nonadditive measure is a generalization of additive probability measure. Sugeno integral is a useful tool in several theoretical and applied statistics which has been built on non-additive measure. Integral inequalities play important roles in classical probability and measure theory. The classical Berwald integral inequality is one of the famous inequalities. This inequality turns out to have ...

In this paper we investigate the following question: under what conditions can a second-order homogeneous ordinary differential equation (spray) be the geodesic equation of a Finsler space. We show that the EulerLagrange partial differential system on the energy function can be reduced to a first order system on this same function. In this way we are able to give effective necessary and suffici...

Berwald geometries are Finsler close to (pseudo)-Riemannian geometries. We establish a simple first order partial differential equation as necessary and sufficient condition, which given Lagrangian has satisfy be of type. Applied $(\alpha,\beta)$-Finsler spaces, respectively $(A,B)$-Finsler spacetimes, this reduces condition for the Levi-Civita covariant derivative defining $1$-form. illustrate...

There are three distinct questions associated with Simpson’s paradox. (i) Why or in what sense is Simpson’s paradox a paradox? (ii) What is the proper analysis of the paradox? (iii) How one should proceed when confronted with a typical case of the paradox?We propose a “formal” answer to the first two questions which, among other things, includes deductive proofs for important theorems regarding...

The aim of this work is to show a Berwald type inequality for the extremal universal integrals based on (α ,m) concave function. Some examples are given to illustrate the validity of these inequalities.

In this work we study Randers spacetimes of Berwald type and analyze Pfeifer Wohlfarth's vacuum field equation Finsler gravity for class. We show that in case the is equivalent to vanishing Ricci tensor, analogously Einstein gravity. This implies considered Rutz's coincide scenario. also construct all exact solutions Berwald-Randers gravity, which turn out be composed a CCNV (covariantly consta...