Ionising radiation is a known leukaemogen and in utero exposure to diagnostic X-rays associates with increased risk of childhood leukaemia (see abstract by R. Wakeford). This paper examines the methodology used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to estimate doses to the child following in utero radionuclide exposures, considers experimental evidence for in utero h...

Microfabricated electron emitters have been studied for half a century for their promising applications in vacuum electronics. However, tunable microfabricated electron emitters with fast temporal response and controllable electron emission still proves challenging. Here, we report the scaling down of thermionic emitters to the microscale using microfabrication technologies and a Joule-heated m...

UNLABELLED Absorbed dose profiles within tumor spheroids simulating avascular micrometastases have been calculated for a variety of liposome- and antibody-radionuclide combinations to assess the anticipated therapeutic efficacy based on the intratumoral distribution of the carrier systems within the spheroid model. METHODS Experiments studying the targeting and diffusion capability of the mos...

Intense terahertz em itters are one of the most important components of terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy systems. In this presented report, the development of THz emitters over the last two decades is reviewed, and an outlook for future THz emitters is given. The physical principle behind the THz generation process is discussed for two types of emitters: state-of-the-art large-area phot...

introduction:the use of beta emitters is one of the effective methods for palliation of bone metastasis. the risk of normal tissue toxicity should be evaluated in the bone pain palliation treatment. methods: in this study, the monte carlo simulation code mcnpx was used for simulation a bone phantom model consisted of bone marrow, bone and soft tissue. specific absorbed fractions were calculated...

Treatment of malignant brain tumors with conventional approaches is largely unsuccessful because curative doses generally cannot be delivered without excessive toxicity to normal brain. Radioimmunotherapy is emerging as an attractive alternative for glioma therapy because of the potential for more selectively irradiating tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. Several institutions are engaged...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the radionuclides and radiochemical impurities included in radiosynthesis processes of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. METHODS Target materials and PET tracers were produced using a cyclotron/synthesis system from Sumitomo Heavy Industry. Positron and γ-ray emitting radionuclides were quantified by measuring radioactivity decay and using the high-purity Ge d...

Theranostics is an acronym, which exemplifies the togetherness of diagnostics and therapeutics in the individualized management of disease. The key to personalized medicine in cancer is to determine the molecular phenotypes of neoplasms, so that specific probes can be selected to target the tumor and its microenvironment. Molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy using a particular probe is ba...

In this work, we tested whether plastic scintillation (PS) is a suitable alternative to liquid scintillation (LS) and Cerenkov techniques for beta emitter detection. The main advantage of this alternative is the reduction of mixed waste produced as consequence of the measurement process. In addition, the quality parameters obtained with PS are as reliable as those obtained with LS and allow det...