Inoculation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves with Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke) (syn. Fulvia fulva [Cooke] Cif) results in a marked accumulation of several pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in the apoplast. Two predominant PR proteins were purified from apoplastic fluid by ion exchange chromatography followed by chromatofocusing. One protein (molecular mass [M(r)] 35 kilodaltons [kD], ...

BACKGROUND Killer yeasts have been used to combat contaminating wild yeasts in food, to control pathogenic fungi in plants, and in the medical field, to develop novel antimycotics for the treatment of human and animal fungal infections. Among these killer yeasts, Tetrapisispora phaffii (formerly known as Kluyveromyces phaffii) secretes a glycoprotein known as Kpkt that is lethal to spoilage yea...

A gene that encodes an extracellular aspartyl protease from Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413, papA, has been isolated and characterized. Based on several conserved regions of other fungal acid proteases, primers were designed to amplify a probe that was used to isolate the papA gene from a genomic library of T. harzianum. papA was an intronless ORF which encoded a polypeptide of 404 aa, includin...

The gene encoding extracellular xylanase (xynA) was amplified as a 770 bp DNA fragment from Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosomal DNA by PCR. The genes encoding endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (eglS) and endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (bglS) were isolated from a genomic library of B. subtilis 168. The sequences of xynA and eglS were identical to those of the xylanase and cellulase genes from B. subtilis PAP11...

The mechanisms of incorporation of two antigens have been determined using a monoclonal antibody (3A10) raised against the material released from the mycelial cell wall by zymolyase digestion and retained on a concanavalin A column. One of the hybridomas secreted an IgG that reacted with two bands in Western blots. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that the antigens were located on the surface...

A 2.7-kilobase fragment of DNA from Oerskovia xanthineolytica containing the gene for a beta-1,3-glucanase has been isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. The sequence was found to contain two large open reading frames. Purification of the mature native enzyme and subsequent amino-terminal sequencing defined the glucanase gene in one reading frame which potentially encodes a ...

Lytic enzymes may have a role in the biological control of fungi. The yeast biocontrol agent, Candida oleophila, is an excellent subject to research this matter. In the present study, CoEXG1, which encodes for a secreted 1,3-beta-glucanase, is the first gene to be cloned from C. oleophila. It was isolated from a partial genomic library and analysed. Its open reading frame and putative promoter ...

Although fungi cause a recognized problem during storage of recalcitrant seeds of many tropical species, there are no data to date on defence strategies of these seeds against fungal attack. To ascertain whether recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina elaborate compounds that might suppress fungal proliferation during hydrated storage, the production and efficacy of beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1....

The distribution of chitin in Saccharomyces cervisiae primary septa and cell walls was studied with three methods: electron microscopy of colloidal gold particles coated either with wheat germ agglutinin or with one of two different chitinases, fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatives of the same markers, and enzymatic treatments of [14C]glucosamine-labeled cells. The...

Gliocladium virens is a common saprophytic fungus that is mycoparasitic on a large number of fungi. Responses of G. virens toward its environment were examined by monitoring the presence of extracellular proteins in culture fluid during time course experiments. Culture fluid of G. virens grown on glucose, washed cell walls of Rhizoctonia solani (one of its hosts), olive oil, or chitin contained...