Herbivorous insects are characterized by a great diversity of host plant associations, yet, the processes driving host range evolution are not fully understood. When herbivores encounter a novel host, local selection pressures are expected to shape traits that mediate plant–insect interactions. I show that a leafmining fly, Amauromyza flavifrons (Meigen) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), suffers a profou...

UDP-glucose:(1,3)-beta-glucan synthase from Beta vulgaris L. was rapidly inactivated by treatment with phospholipases C, D, and A(2). Enzyme activity could not be restored to the phospholipase-treated enzyme by the addition of phosphatidylethanolamine or other phospholipids. Membrane-bound and solubilized glucan synthase were also trypsin-labile with inactivation rates equal in the presence or ...

Beta vulgaris is a plant native to Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, and India belong to Amaranthaceae, Genus Beta, and Subfamily Betoideae. The aim of this study is to overview Chemistry and pharmacological effect of beta vulgaris . This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases up to 2016.Among 89 ...