A cytopathic agent was isolated in a baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cell-line from blood samples of cross-bred sheep showing typical bluetongue symptoms at Avikanagar in Rajasthan State, India. The cytopathic agent was identified as a bluetongue virus (BTV) by immunofluorescence, the immunoperoxidase test and electron microscopy of BHK-21 cells infected with the new isolate. The new isolate was t...

IE1 of Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus acts as a transactivator of several viral promoters in insect cells. Transient expression assays indicate that IE1 is involved in the activation of the early promoter he65 in both insect TN-368 and mammalian BHK-21 cell lines. IE1 activation of the he65 promoter was compared with IE1 activation of the early 39K promoter. In co...

After standard glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixation procedures, the majority of microfilament bundles in BHK-21 cells exhibit relatively uniform electron density along their long axes. The inclusion of tannic acid in the glutaraldehyde fixation solution results in obvious electron density shifts along the majority of microfilament bundles. Striated patterens are frequently observed which co...

The presence of arginyl-tRNA protein transferase has been shown in a variety of mammalian cells in culture. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the available endogenous acceptor proteins (proteins that can be arginylated at their amino terminus by this enzyme) reveals that there are at least two such proteins (designated Peaks I and II) with the same relative mi...

Mx proteins belonging to the dynamin superfamily of large GTPases inhibit replication of a wide range of RNA viruses. In this study, we examined whether bovine Mx1 protein could interfere with the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). For this purpose we established cloned BHK-21 cells expressing bovine Mx1 protein (BM1 cells) and infected them with FMDV serotype O. Cloned BHK-21 ...

Nonpolar mutations were introduced into all 12 regions of the genome of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. In agreement with data previously reported for other picornaviruses, mutations in regions 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D totally abrogated viral RNA replication. Viruses with deletions in each of the capsid proteins retained RNA replication proficiency, although they were unable to prop...

Several aspects of the behaviour of polyoma virus-transformed BHK cells in culture have suggested that they are more deformable than BHK cells. This possibility was tested by applying negative pressure at the cell surface by means of a micropipette. It was found that PyBHK cells in early mitosis are twice as deformable as BHK cells in the same stage. In addition, the taut, non-ruffling margins ...

The ERM family members, ezrin, radixin, and moesin, localizing just beneath the plasma membranes, are thought to be involved in the actin filament/plasma membrane association. To identify the integral membrane protein directly associated with ERM family members, we performed immunoprecipitation studies using antimoesin mAb and cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells metabolically labeled with ...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is known to employ the conserved Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide located on the variable betaG-betaH loop of the VP1 capsid protein for binding to cells. Coxsackievirus A9 (CAV9) also carries an RGD sequence, but on a short C-terminal extension of its VP1 and in a different amino acid context. This apparent relationship raised the question of whether insertion o...

The cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin, with its associated catenins, is expressed by differentiating skeletal muscle and its precursors. Although N-cadherin's role in later events of skeletal myogenesis such as adhesion during myoblast fusion is well established, less is known about its role in earlier events such as commitment and differentiation. Using an in vitro model system, we have d...