This paper proposes an improved approach to our previous work [11]. [11] uses Stackelberg game to model the interactions between electricity retailer and its customers and genetic algorithms are used to obtain the Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE). In this paper, we propose a bi-level programming model by considering benefits of the electricity retailer (utility company) and its customer. In the upp...

The planning of urban bus-only lane networks is an important measure to improve bus service and bus priority. To determine the effective arrangement of bus-only lanes, a bi-level programming model for urban bus lane layout is developed in this study that considers accessibility and budget constraints. The goal of the upper-level model is to minimize the total travel time, and the lower-level mo...

In this paper, a modified TOPSIS (techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) approach for solving bi-level multi-objective programming (BL-MOP) problems with fuzzy parameters is presented. These fuzzy parameters are assumed to be characterized by fuzzy numerical data, reflecting the experts' imprecise or fuzzy understanding of the nature of the parameters in the problem fo...

this paper presents a multi-objective linear programming model for disaster blood supply chain in some periods of time after disaster. this model assist to determine the quantity and location of facilities and also how to allocate blood to facilities. in this study, a three-level model is described, while blood is collected from temporary and permanent facilities and sent to blood center. blood...