In recent years, social scientists have increasingly turned to matching as a method for drawing causal inferences from observational data. Matching compares those who receive a treatment to those with similar background attributes who do not receive a treatment. Researchers who use matching frequently tout its ability to reduce bias, particularly when applied to data sets that contain extensive...

This paper explores the behavior of present-biased agents, that is, agents who erroneously anticipate costs future actions compared to their real costs. Specifically, we extend original framework proposed by Akerlof (1991) for studying various aspects human related time-inconsistent planning, including procrastination, and abandonment, as well elegant graph-theoretic model encapsulating this re...

Abstract In this essay I identify a type of linguistic phenomenon new to feminist philosophy language: biased evaluative descriptions. Biased descriptions are whose well-intended positive surface meanings inflected with implicitly content. characterized by three main features: (1) they have roots in implicit bias or benevolent sexism, (2) their application is counterfactually unstable across do...