Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect millions of people each year. Research investigating repeated or serial damage in the form of lesions indicates that behavioral deficits are reduced in animals given sequential lesions separated by a sufficient period of recovery. In the lesion literature, this phenomenon is known as the serial lesion effect (SLE). Although the SLE phenomenon is establishe...

a case of bilateral intraosseous tumor of the calcaneus with different mri imaging is presented. on the left, radiological findings suggest intraosseous lipoma, but on the right-sided lesion, imaging studies were not convincing. the microscopic report showed foreign body granulomatous reaction, a rare clinical pathological discordant.

fourteen patients with bilateral low frequency sensorineural hearing loss were found with disproportionate speech discrimination scores. these patients were submmitted to a comprehensive audiological, electrophysiological, neurological, and radiological battery of investigation. the results pointed to a lesion probably in the central auditory pathway.

background: idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (igm) is a rare benign breast disease, which can mimic breast cancer. as the managements of igm and breast cancer are entirely different and the initial clinical manifestations are similar in several cases, it is very important to differentiate them. case presentation: we reported a 48-year-old female patient with igm and breast cancer. she was refe...

Despite conflicting clinical and experimental evidence, textbook description of somatic sensations continues to follow a rigid dichotomy based on the concept that pain sensation is transmitted cephalad primarily through anterolateral pathways, while touch is mediated through the dorsal column pathway. This study provides an example of the dynamic rerouting in the transmission of the nociceptive...

A 55-year-old woman was referred to our outpatient clinic because of bilateral papular lesions on her nose from 2 years ego. In clinical examination, we found three symmetrical dome-shaped, skin-colored, asymptomatic papules on both nasal alas. The lesions made the patient's nose to seem larger with eroded edges (figures 1, 2). Examination of nasal mucosa was normal. General physical examinatio...

Lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) have been found to reduce the severe akinetic motor symptom produced in animal models of Parkinson's disease, such as in monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or in monoamine-depleted rats. However, little is known about the effect of STN exclusion on subtle motor deficits induced by moderate dopaminergic lesions in com...

Introduction: Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis is a relatively uncommon disorder of the salivary gland. Because of its clinical similarity to a salivary gland neoplasm, this condition has been known as Kuttner tumor and is classified as a tumorlike lesion. Case Report: This is the first reported case of bilateral Kuttner tumor of the submandibular glands in Iran. It was initially diagnosed as...

Significance Slow waves are the predominant feature of brain activity during sleep and anesthesia. associated with plasticity, memory consolidation, other functions. However, much remains unknown about circuits that coordinate slow wave propagation. Here, we demonstrate somatosensory stimulation evokes bilateral activation primary cortices (S1). Under anesthesia, S1 is followed by a global, fro...