1 Data 1.1 U.S. Refineries 1.1.1 Sources of data I match and compile three data sets on characteristics and imports of U.S. refineries collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): (i) capacity of distillation unit and upgrading units (parts 6-7 of form EIA-820: annual refinery report); (ii) imports of crude oil, (form EIA-814: monthly imports report) (iii) domestic purchases o...

This paper describes a methodology to explore the (future) spatial distribution of biofuel crops in Europe. Two main types of biofuel crops are distinguished: biofuel crops used for the production of biodiesel or bioethanol, and second-generation biofuel crops. A multiscale, multi-model approach is used in which biofuel crops are allocated over the period 2000–2030. The area of biofuel crops at...

We introduce Refinery, an open source platform for exploring large text document collections with topic models. Refinery is a standalone web application driven by a graphical interface, so it is usable by those without machine learning or programming expertise. Users can interactively organize articles by topic and also refine this organization with phrase-level analysis. Under the hood, we tra...

Production planning is a very important step in managing the operation of a single refinery and their complexes. Despite its significance, few contributions have been found in literature and the existing ones rely on linear models. Pinto et al. (Comp. Chem. Engng. 24, 2259-2276, 2000), presented a superstructure that represents a general topology and allows the implementation of nonlinear proce...

BACKGROUND Occupational and environmental exposure to petroleum refinery products poses a great threat to human health. This study aimed to assess the lung function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among petroleum refinery workers. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 112 participants (56 petroleum refinery workers with mean age 35.20 ± 1.62 years, and 56 age, weight, height, ethn...

nanotechnology has opened up new opportunities for the design of nanoscale electronic devices suitable for developing high-performance biofuel cells. glucose-based biofuel cells as green energy sources can be a powerful tool in the service of small-scale power source technology as it provides a latent potential to supply power for various implantable medical electronic devices. by using physiol...

Through a variety of material screening experiments, Al was selected as the added metal and constituted a multiple micro-electrolysis system of Fe/C/Al. The metal proportion of alloy-structured filler was also analyzed with the best Fe/C/Al ratio of 3:1:1. The regular Fe/C/Al multiple micro-electrolysis fillers were prepared using a high-temperature anaerobic roasting method. The optimum condit...

Debates surrounding the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use of biofuels production have created a need to quantify the relative land use GHG intensity of fossil fuels. When contrasting land use GHG intensity of fossil fuel and biofuel production, it is the energy yield that greatly distinguishes the two. Although emissions released from land disturbed by fossil fuels can be comparable ...

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. A major challenge in microbial fuel production is that increasing biofuel yields can be limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Previous research has demonstrated that efflux pumps are effective at increasing tolerance to various biofuels. However, w...