Activated sludge is now one of the most widely used biological processes for the treatment of wastewaters from medium to large populations. It produces high amounts of sewage sludge that can be managed and perceived in two main ways: as a waste it is discharged in landfill, as a fertilizer it is disposed in agriculture with direct application to soil or subjected to anaerobic digestion and comp...

Anaerobic digesters have been responsible for the removal of large fraction of organic matter (mineralization of waste sludge) in conventional aerobic sewage treatment plants since the early years of domestic sewage treatment (DST). Attention on the anaerobic technology for improving the sustainability of sewage treatment has been paid mainly after the energy crisis in the 1970s. The successful...

Spectroscopic and chromatographic changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics of influent and treated sewage were investigated for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a biological advanced process. Refractory DOM (R-DOM) was defined as the dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the samples after 28-day incubation for this study. Specific UV absorbance (SUVA), hydrophobici...

Biosolids are solid, semi-solid, or liquid materials resulting from the treatment of domestic sewage sludge. The term “biosolids” was introduced by the wastewater treatment industry in the early 1990’s and has been adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to distinguish high quality, treated sewage sludge from raw sewage sludge and from sewage sludge containing la...

The paper is a review of some current practices in the treatment and disposal of the more important fermentation industry effluents. Reference is made to the production of whisky and other potable spirits, malt, beer, vinegar, yeast, cider, antibiotics and vitamins. The most important means of treating distillery effluents is by recovering the soluble and some insoluble material in the liquid r...

Bacteria are assumed to efficiently remove organic pollutants from sewage in sewage treatment plants, where antibiotic-resistance genes can move between species via mobile genetic elements known as integrons. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed bacterial diversity and class 1 integron abundance in tropical sewage. Here, we describe the extant microbiota, using V6 tag sequencing, and quanti...