Recent technical advances in the field of quantitative proteomics have stimulated a large number of biomarker discovery studies of various diseases, providing avenues for new treatments and diagnostics. However, inherent challenges have limited the successful translation of candidate biomarkers into clinical use, thus highlighting the need for a robust analytical methodology to transition from ...

By many accounts, the brave new worlds of genomics and proteomics— and their accompanying technologies— have ushered in a new era of cancer biomarker research. Researchers in cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment all have a vested interest in discovering these proteins and small molecules that are telltale signs of early cancer, characteristics that make a type of cancer unique, or markers...

Biomarker development is a common endeavor in medical research. The purpose to find indicators of disease occurrence or prognostic markers for response. process biomarkers often starts with showing mean differences between responders and non-responders those condition versus without. However, these statistically significant differences, while necessary are not sufficient validate biomarker. Sen...

There are numerous factors that recommend the use of biomarkers in drug development including the ability to provide a rational basis for selection of lead compounds, as an aid in determining or refining mechanism of action or pathophysiology, and the ability to work towards qualification and use of a biomarker as a surrogate endpoint. Examples of biomarkers come from many different means of cl...

Metastatic cancer of unknown primary (CUP) accounts for up to 5% of all new cancer cases, with a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Accurate identification of tissue of origin would allow for directed, personalized therapies to improve clinical outcomes. Our objective was to use transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify lineage-specific biomarker signatures for the cancer types that most co...

One hundred eighty-four serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer (n = 109), patients with benign tumors (n = 19), and healthy donors (n = 56) were analyzed on strong anion-exchange surfaces using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses applied to protein-profiling data obtained from 140 tra...

Although developing biological markers for chronic pain has been a major goal of the field for decades, such biomarkers have not yet made their way into clinical practice. However, given the potential uses of biomarkers in multiple aspects of prevention and treatment—suchaspain and risk factor assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, drug discovery, and more—efforts to discover ne...

Many syndromes traditionally viewed as individual diseases are heterogeneous in molecular pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness. This often leads to the conduct of large clinical trials to identify small average treatment benefits for heterogeneous groups of patients. Drugs that demonstrate effectiveness in such trials may subsequently be used broadly, resulting in ineffective treatment of ...

The increasing availability and use of predictive models to facilitate informed decision making highlights the need for careful assessment of the validity of these models. In particular, models involving biomarkers require careful validation for two reasons: issues with overfitting when complex models involve a large number of biomarkers, and interlaboratory variation in assays used to measure ...

To facilitate the use of biomarkers in human health risk assessments, a biomarker decision support system is presented that systematically identifies, documents, validates, and incorporates biomarkers into occupational risk assessments. A biomarker database structure was developed and decision rules were identified to organize the diverse types of data to support an occupational risk assessment...